scholarly journals Dual Role of Rbpj in the Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells and Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 6444-6457
Author(s):  
Alexander I Son ◽  
Shahid Mohammad ◽  
Toru Sasaki ◽  
Seiji Ishii ◽  
Satoshi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Dual Role

Abstract The development of the cerebral cortex is directed by a series of methodically precise events, including progenitor cell proliferation, neural differentiation, and cell positioning. Over the past decade, many studies have demonstrated the critical contributions of Notch signaling in neurogenesis, including that in the developing telencephalon. However, in vivo evidence for the role of Notch signaling in cortical development still remains limited partly due to the redundant functions of four mammalian Notch paralogues and embryonic lethality of the knockout mice. Here, we utilized the conditional deletion and in vivo gene manipulation of Rbpj, a transcription factor that mediates signaling by all four Notch receptors, to overcome these challenges and examined the specific roles of Rbpj in cortical development. We report severe structural abnormalities in the embryonic and postnatal cerebral cortex in Rbpj conditional knockout mice, which provide strong in vivo corroboration of previously reported functions of Notch signaling in neural development. Our results also provide evidence for a novel dual role of Rbpj in cell type-specific regulation of two key developmental events in the cerebral cortex: the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of neural progenitor cells, and the radial and tangential allocation of neurons, possibly through stage-dependent differential regulation of Ngn1.

scholarly journals Roots of the Malformations of Cortical Development in the Cell Biology of Neural Progenitor Cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Ossola ◽  
Nereo Kalebic
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Malformations Of Cortical Development ◽  
Brain Functions

The cerebral cortex is a structure that underlies various brain functions, including cognition and language. Mammalian cerebral cortex starts developing during the embryonic period with the neural progenitor cells generating neurons. Newborn neurons migrate along progenitors’ radial processes from the site of their origin in the germinal zones to the cortical plate, where they mature and integrate in the forming circuitry. Cell biological features of neural progenitors, such as the location and timing of their mitoses, together with their characteristic morphologies, can directly or indirectly regulate the abundance and the identity of their neuronal progeny. Alterations in the complex and delicate process of cerebral cortex development can lead to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). They include various structural abnormalities that affect the size, thickness and/or folding pattern of the developing cortex. Their clinical manifestations can entail a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as epilepsy, developmental delay, intellectual disability, or autism spectrum disorder. The recent advancements of molecular and neuroimaging techniques, along with the development of appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems, have enabled the assessment of the genetic and environmental causes of MCDs. Here we broadly review the cell biological characteristics of neural progenitor cells and focus on those features whose perturbations have been linked to MCDs.

scholarly journals Numb Independently Antagonizes Sanpodo Membrane Targeting and Notch Signaling in Drosophila Sensory Organ Precursor Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Diana Zitserman ◽  
Ilya Serebriiskii ◽  
Mark Andrake ◽  
Roland Dunbrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Amino Terminal

In Drosophila , mitotic neural progenitor cells asymmetrically segregate the cell fate determinant Numb in order to block Notch signaling in only one of the two daughter cells. Sanpodo, a membrane protein required for Notch signaling in asymmetrically dividing cells, is sequestered from the plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles in a Numb-dependent way after neural progenitor cell mitosis. However, the significance of Numb-dependent Sanpodo regulation is unclear. In this study, we conducted a structure–function analysis to identify the determinants of Sanpodo targeting in vivo. We identified an NPAF motif in the amino-terminal cytoplasmic tail of Sanpodo, which is conserved among insect Sanpodo homologues. The Sanpodo NPAF motif is predicted to bind directly to the Numb phosphotyrosine-binding domain and is critical for Numb binding in vitro. Deletion or mutation of the NPAF motif results in accumulation of Sanpodo at the plasma membrane in Numb-positive cells in vivo. Genetic analysis of Sanpodo NPAF mutants shows that Numb-dependent Sanpodo endocytic targeting can be uncoupled from Notch signaling regulation. Our findings demonstrate that Sanpodo contains an evolutionarily conserved motif that has been linked to Numb-dependent regulation in vertebrates and further support the model that Numb regulates Notch signaling independently of Sanpodo membrane trafficking in neural progenitor cells.

scholarly journals Myelin basic protein enhances axonal regeneration from neural progenitor cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjian Yan ◽  
Lei Chu ◽  
Xiaojiong Jia ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Si Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Myelin Basic Protein ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Introduction Stem cell therapy using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) shows promise in mitigating the debilitating effects of spinal cord injury (SCI). Notably, myelin stimulates axonal regeneration from mammalian NPCs. This led us to hypothesize that myelin-associated proteins may contribute to axonal regeneration from NPCs. Methods We conducted an R-based bioinformatics analysis to identify key gene(s) that may participate in myelin-associated axonal regeneration from murine NPCs, which identified the serine protease myelin basic protein (Mbp). We employed E12 murine NPCs, E14 rat NPCs, and human iPSC-derived Day 1 NPCs (D1 hNPCs) with or without CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Mbp knockout in combination with rescue L1-70 overexpression, constitutively-active VP16-PPARγ2, or the PPARγ agonist ciglitazone. A murine dorsal column crush model of SCI utilizing porous collagen-based scaffolding (PCS)-seeded murine NPCs with or without stable Mbp overexpression was used to assess locomotive recovery and axonal regeneration in vivo. Results Myelin promotes axonal outgrowth from NPCs in an Mbp-dependent manner and that Mbp’s stimulatory effects on NPC neurite outgrowth are mediated by Mbp’s production of L1-70. Furthermore, we determined that Mbp/L1-70’s stimulatory effects on NPC neurite outgrowth are mediated by PPARγ-based repression of neuron differentiation-associated gene expression and PPARγ-based Erk1/2 activation. In vivo, PCS-seeded murine NPCs stably overexpressing Mbp significantly enhanced locomotive recovery and axonal regeneration in post-SCI mice. Conclusions We discovered that Mbp supports axonal regeneration from mammalian NPCs through the novel Mbp/L1cam/Pparγ signaling pathway. This study suggests that bioengineered, NPC-based interventions can promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery post-SCI.

A Role of CPEB1 in the Modulation of Proliferation and Neuronal Maturation of Rat Primary Neural Progenitor Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1960-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Chan Kim ◽  
Ji-Woon Kim ◽  
Chang Soon Choi ◽  
Sun Young Han ◽  
Jae Hoon Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Neuronal Maturation

scholarly journals KIF20A/MKLP2 regulates the division modes of neural progenitor cells during cortical development

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Geng ◽  
Runxiang Qiu ◽  
Kiyohito Murai ◽  
Jiancheng Liu ◽  
Xiwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Dysregulates the Localization and Stability of NICD1 and Jag1 in Neural Progenitor Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 6792-6804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jun Li ◽  
Xi-Juan Liu ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Ya-Ru Fu ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Levels

ABSTRACTHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of the developing fetus frequently results in major neural developmental damage. In previous studies, HCMV was shown to downregulate neural progenitor/stem cell (NPC) markers and induce abnormal differentiation. As Notch signaling plays a vital role in the maintenance of stem cell status and is a switch that governs NPC differentiation, the effect of HCMV infection on the Notch signaling pathway in NPCs was investigated. HCMV downregulated mRNA levels of Notch1 and its ligand, Jag1, and reduced protein levels and altered the intracellular localization of Jag1 and the intracellular effector form of Notch1, NICD1. These effects required HCMV gene expression and appeared to be mediated through enhanced proteasomal degradation. Transient expression of the viral tegument proteins of pp71 and UL26 reduced NICD1 and Jag1 protein levels endogenously and exogenously. Given the critical role of Notch signaling in NPC growth and differentiation, these findings reveal important mechanisms by which HCMV disturbs neural cell developmentin vitro. Similar eventsin vivomay be associated with HCMV-mediated neuropathogenesis during congenital infection in the fetal brain.IMPORTANCECongenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the leading cause of birth defects that primarily manifest as neurological disabilities. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs), key players in fetal brain development, are the most susceptible cell type for HCMV infection in the fetal brain. Studies have shown that NPCs are fully permissive for HCMV infection, which causes neural cell loss and premature differentiation, thereby perturbing NPC fate. Elucidation of virus-host interactions that govern NPC proliferation and differentiation is critical to understanding neuropathogenesis. The Notch signaling pathway is critical for maintaining stem cell status and functions as a switch for differentiation of NPCs. Our investigation into the impact of HCMV infection on this pathway revealed that HCMV dysregulates Notch signaling by altering expression of the Notch ligand Jag1, Notch1, and its active effector in NPCs. These results suggest a mechanism for the neuropathogenesis induced by HCMV infection that includes altered NPC differentiation and proliferation.

scholarly journals NCAM regulates temporal specification of neural progenitor cells via profilin2 during corticogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
De-Juan Yuan ◽  
Shao Li ◽  
Xue-Song Liang ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Temporal Specification

The development of cerebral cortex requires spatially and temporally orchestrated proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The molecular mechanisms underlying cortical development are, however, not fully understood. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been suggested to play a role in corticogenesis. Here we show that NCAM is dynamically expressed in the developing cortex. NCAM expression in NPCs is highest in the neurogenic period and declines during the gliogenic period. In mice bearing an NPC-specific NCAM deletion, proliferation of NPCs is reduced, and production of cortical neurons is delayed, while formation of cortical glia is advanced. Mechanistically, NCAM enhances actin polymerization in NPCs by interacting with actin-associated protein profilin2. NCAM-dependent regulation of NPCs is blocked by mutations in the profilin2 binding site. Thus, NCAM plays an essential role in NPC proliferation and fate decision during cortical development by regulating profilin2-dependent actin polymerization.

scholarly journals SEPT7 Interacts with KIF20A and Regulates the Proliferative State of Neural Progenitor Cells During Cortical Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 3030-3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runxiang Qiu ◽  
Qiu Runxiang ◽  
Anqi Geng ◽  
Jiancheng Liu ◽  
C Wilson Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
A Cell

Abstract Balanced proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are critical for brain development, but how the process is regulated and what components of the cell division machinery is involved are not well understood. Here we report that SEPT7, a cell division regulator originally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, interacts with KIF20A in the intercellular bridge of dividing NPCs and plays an essential role in maintaining the proliferative state of NPCs during cortical development. Knockdown of SEPT7 in NPCs results in displacement of KIF20A from the midbody and early neuronal differentiation. NPC-specific inducible knockout of Sept7 causes early cell cycle exit, precocious neuronal differentiation, and ventriculomegaly in the cortex, but surprisingly does not lead to noticeable cytokinesis defect. Our data uncover an interaction of SEPT7 and KIF20A during NPC divisions and demonstrate a crucial role of SEPT7 in cell fate determination. In addition, this study presents a functional approach for identifying additional cell fate regulators of the mammalian brain.

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