Enhancing effects of transition metals on the salt taste responses of single fibers of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve: specificity of and similarities among Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ taste responses

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Kitada
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Single Fibers

Salt taste discrimination after bilateral section of the chorda tympani or glossopharyngeal nerves

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. R169-R176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Spector ◽  
H. J. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Taste Discrimination ◽  
Salt Taste Discrimination

Gustatory deafferentation of the anterior tongue by bilateral section of the chorda tympani nerve, which removes only 15% of the total taste buds in the rat, severely impaired the rat's ability to discriminate NaCl from KCl. The discrimination deficit was selective. Denervated rats were able to discriminate sucrose from quinine. Despite eliminating four times as many taste buds by bilateral section of the glossopharyngeal nerve, posterior lingual deafferentation had no effect on NaCl vs. KCl discrimination performance. Collectively, these data suggest that afferents in the chorda tympani nerve provide the highest degree of disparity between the peripheral signals representing NaCl and KCl. Electrophysiological findings of others implicate the sodium-specific afferents that appear to exclusively exist in the chorda tympani nerve as the critical elements subserving the NaCl vs. KCl discrimination.

Salt taste responses of mouse chorda tympani neurons: evidence for existence of two different amiloride-sensitive receptor components for NaCl with different temperature dependencies

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 3550-3554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Salt Taste ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Mouse Taste

1. Inhibitory effects of amiloride on salt responses of single fibers of the chorda tympani nerve of the C57BL/6 strain of mice were examined at two different temperatures (approximately 12 and 24 degrees C). 2. Of 36 single fibers that responded to NaCl, 20 fibers showed strong suppression of responses to NaCl actuated by lingual treatment with amiloride (amiloride-sensitive fibers), whereas the remaining 16 fibers showed no such amiloride inhibition (amiloride-insensitive fibers). 3. Twenty amiloride-sensitive fibers were further classified into two subgroups according to the temperature dependency of their NaCl responses. In 15 of 20 fibers, amiloride-inhibitable NaCl responses were larger at 24 degrees C than at 12 degrees C, whereas the reverse was true for the remaining 5 fibers. All amiloride-insensitive fibers showed smaller responses to NaCl at 12 degrees C. 4. These results suggest that there exist two different amiloride-sensitive receptor components for NaCl with different temperature dependencies in mouse taste cells: one is more sensitive to NaCl at the higher temperature, and the other is more sensitive at the lower temperature.

Precipitation in silicon: Microanalysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
R.W. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
High Current ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Dielectric Layers ◽  
Precipitation Processes ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Interest in precipitation processes in silicon appears to be centered on transition metals (for intrinsic and extrinsic gettering), and oxygen and carbon in thermally aged materials, and on oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in ion implanted materials to form buried dielectric layers. A steadily increasing number of applications of microanalysis to these problems are appearing. but still far less than the number of imaging/diffraction investigations. Microanalysis applications appear to be paced by instrumentation development. The precipitation reaction products are small and the presence of carbon is often an important consideration. Small high current probes are important and cryogenic specimen holders are required for consistent suppression of contamination buildup on specimen areas of interest. Focussed probes useful for microanalysis should be in the range of 0.1 to 1nA, and estimates of spatial resolution to be expected for thin foil specimens can be made from the curves shown in Fig. 1.

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