scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms and Engagement in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M Bengtson ◽  
Brian W Pence ◽  
Matthew J Mimiaga ◽  
Bradley N Gaynes ◽  
Richard Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Declines in Lung Function After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis: A Potential Manifestation of Respiratory Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1750-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C Auld ◽  
Pholo Maenetje ◽  
Shruthi Ravimohan ◽  
Drew Weissman ◽  
Itai Ncube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract End-organ impairment has received relatively little research attention as a possible manifestation of tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). In this prospective cohort study, one-half of adults with human immunodeficiency virus and pulmonary tuberculosis experienced meaningful declines in lung function on antiretroviral therapy, suggesting a role for lung function in TB-IRIS definitions.

Mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy initiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (11) ◽  
pp. 2498-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas ◽  
Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera ◽  
Matilde Ruiz-Cruz ◽  
Gustavo Reyes-Terán
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Low Neuroactive Steroids Identifies a Biological Subtype of Depression in Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibani S Mukerji ◽  
Vikas Misra ◽  
David R Lorenz ◽  
Sukrutha Chettimada ◽  
Kiana Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
Total N ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background The prevalence and mortality risk of depression in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is higher than in the general population, yet biomarkers for therapeutic targeting are unknown. In the current study, we aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with depressive symptoms in people with HIV receiving ART. Methods This is a prospective study of ART-treated HIV-infected adults with or without depressive symptoms assessed using longitudinal Beck Depression Inventory scores. Plasma metabolite profiling was performed in 2 independent cohorts (total n = 99) using liquid and gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results Participants with depressive symptoms had lower neuroactive steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S], androstenediols, and pregnenolone sulfate) compared with those without depressive symptoms. The cortisol/DHEA-S ratio, an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis imbalance, was associated with depressive symptoms (P < .01) because of low DHEA-S levels, whereas cortisol was similar between groups. The odds of having depressive symptoms increased with higher cortisol/DHEA-S ratios (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5 per 1-unit increase in z score; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–4.7), independent of age and sex. The kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio showed no significant associations. Conclusions These findings suggest that altered neuroactive steroid metabolism may contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression in ART-treated HIV-infected adults, representing a potential biological pathway for therapeutic targeting.

scholarly journals START or SMART? Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Cardiovascular Risk for People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Siedner
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Smart Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Secondary Finding ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

Abstract The Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection (START) study has reinforced the benefits of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, a notable secondary finding from that study was that immediate initiation of ART did not prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (0.17 vs 0.20 events/1000 person-years, P = .65). This result appears to contradict a body of evidence, most notably from the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) study, which reported a 70% increased hazard of cardiovascular events for those deferring or interrupting treatment. Thus, an important unresolved question is whether the timing of ART impacts CVD risk. In this review, published data on relationships between timing of ART and CVD risk are reviewed. The data support a role for ART in mitigating CVD risk at lower CD4 counts, but data also suggests that, among those initiating therapy early, ART alone appears to suboptimally mitigate CVD risk. Additional interventions to address CVD risk among human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations are likely to be needed.

scholarly journals CD4 Response Up to 5 Years After Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Latin America and the Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Luz ◽  
Pablo F. Belaunzarán-Zamudio ◽  
Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez ◽  
Yanink Caro-Vega ◽  
Daniel Hoces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Caribbean

We describe CD4 counts at 6-month intervals for 5 years after combination antiretroviral therapy initiation among 12 879 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults from Latin America and the Caribbean. Median CD4 counts increased from 154 cells/mm3 at baseline (interquartile range [IQR], 60–251) to 413 cells/mm3 (IQR, 234–598) by year 5.

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