scholarly journals Effects of Lysine on Ammonia Formation, Hydrogen Ion, and Potassium Ion Balance: A Review and an Hypothesis

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack I Zweig
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Dibasic Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonia Formation

Abstract Evidence is assembled that lysine acts as an intracellular hydrogen ion acceptor, causing increased ammonia formation and increased potassium excretion in certain disease states. It is suggested that other intracellular dibasic amino acids may have the same effects.

scholarly journals Expression cloning of a human renal cDNA that induces high affinity transport of L-cystine shared with dibasic amino acids in Xenopus oocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (20) ◽  
pp. 14842-14849
Author(s):  
J. Bertran ◽  
A. Werner ◽  
J. Chillarón ◽  
V. Nunes ◽  
J. Biber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Expression Cloning ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Dibasic Amino Acids

Experimental Cystinuria: the Cycloleucine Model. I. Amino Acid Interactions in Renal and Intestinal Epithelia

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. Craan ◽  
Michel Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Luminal Membrane ◽  
Luminal Side ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Dibasic Amino Acids ◽  
Everted Sacs

The injection of cycloleucine (1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC)) into rats produces a hyperexcretion of dibasic amino acids and cystine, an aberration resembling cystinuria. This may constitute a model of experimental cystinuria, and the transport of amino acids involved in this disease was studied with the techniques of everted intestinal sacs (in vitro) and microinjections into renal tubules (in vivo). In everted sacs from normal rats, there was a decrease in transfer and in accumulation of L-cystine (0.03 mM), L-lysine (0.065 mM) and L-valine (0.065 mM) when ACPC was on the mucosal (luminal) side. Dibasic amino acids such as L-ariginine and L-lysine caused a similar inhibition of the transport of L-cystine. However, when ACPC was on the serosal (antiluminal) side, a lesser effect was noted while arginine and lysine had no effect. Intestinal sacs from treated rats (ACPC, 300 mg/kg × 3 days) transferred and accumulated as much L-cystine as those from control rats. The interaction between cycloleucine and L-cystine was competitive at the luminal and non-competitive at the antiluminal side of the intestine. Cycloleucine inhibited L-lysine transport in a non-competitive fashion at either side of the intestine. L-Lysine also interacted in a non-competitive fashion with L-cystine transport at the luminal membrane. In proximal convoluted tubules, the presence of L-arginine or ACPC caused a decrease in the transport of L-cystine and L-lysine. L-Valine exerted no effect. Furthermore, L-lysine and ACPC did not impair the reabsorption of L-valine significantly.These results suggest a functional heterogeneity between luminal and antiluminal membranes of renal and intestinal epithelia and the existence, at both membranes, of different transport sites for cystine and dibasic amino acids.

The synthesis and opioid receptor binding affinities of dermorphin and deltorphin analogs with dibasic amino acids in position 2

1993 ◽  
pp. 455-457
Author(s):  
Andrzej W. Lipkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Misicka ◽  
Jirina Slaninova ◽  
Robert Horvath ◽  
Henry I. Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Dibasic Amino Acids ◽  
Opioid Receptor Binding

Structure-function relationships of peptide fragments of gastrin and cholecystokinin.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. E286
Author(s):  
D L Kaminski ◽  
M J Ruwart ◽  
M Jellinek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
The Common ◽  
Active Fragments

This study evaluates the structure-function relationships of the C-terminal peptide fragments of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the biliary system and the stomach. Dogs with chronic biliary and gastric fistulas were used. Administration of the common fragments of CCK and gastrin with four and five amino acids and the active fragments of CCK with six through eight amino acids without sulfation of tyrosine in position 7 failed to alter hepatic bile flow from control values while significantly stimulating gastric hydrogen ion output. Administration of the seven and eight amino acid peptide fragments of CCK with sulfation of tyrosine in position 7 significantly increased hepatic bile flow. Administration of the sulfated octapeptide with 4 microgram/kg per h of nonsulfated octapeptide did not result in the inhibition of the choleresis produced by the sulfated peptide. The gastric hydrogen ion response produced by the administration of the nonsulfated and sulfated peptide was equal to that of the nonsulfated peptide alone. These results suggest that in the biliary system the receptor is highly specific as sulfation of the peptide fragment of CCK is essential for combining with the receptor, whereas in the stomach the receptor has little specificity and combines with all of the peptide fragments evaluated.

scholarly journals   Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
Z. Wu ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
J. Han ◽  
D. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Total Amino Acids ◽  
Time Point

The aim of this study was to test the effects of salt stress on nitrogen metabolism and ion balance in rice plants. The contents of inorganic ions, total amino acids, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;in the stressed seedlings were then measured. The expressions of some critical genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were also assayed to test their roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism during adaptation of rice to salt stress. The results showed that when seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 4 h, in roots, salt stress strongly stimulated the accumulations of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup>, and reduced K<sup>+</sup> content; however, in leaves, only at 5 days these changes were observed. This confirmed that the response of root to salt stress was more sensitive than that of leaf. When seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 4 h, salt stress strongly stimulated the expression of OsGS1;1, OsNADH-GOGAT, OsAS, OsGS1;3, OsGDH1, OsGDH2, OsGDH3 in both leaves and roots of rice, after this time point their expression decreased. Namely, at 5 days most of genes involved in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>&nbsp;assimilation were downregulated by salt stress, which might be the response to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;change. Salt stress did not reduce NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;contents in both roots and leaves at 4 h, whereas at 5 days salt stress mightily decreased the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;contents. The deficiencies of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;in both roots and leaves can cause a large downregulation of OsNR1 and the subsequent reduction of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>&nbsp;production. This event might immediately induce the downregulations of the genes involved in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>&nbsp;assimilation. &nbsp;

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