Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing III. Application to liver assessment.

Abstract We used the previously described [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)] and evaluated [Clin. Chem. 19, 1122 (1973)] computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing to select and perform tests of hepatic status, to aid the clinician in the diagnosis of liver disease. Results for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained from the continuous-flow analysis (SMA 12/60) admission screen were used by the instrument system to determine selectively the values for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total and direct bilirubin. Kit methods for the latter four tests were evaluated on the system; results were similar to manual procedures. A software, enzymatic ratemeter was found to be better than the previously described hardware ratemeter. The follow-up tests of serum prescribed by the system are compared to clinician-prescribed follow-up tests and discharge diagnoses. In 10 of 19 cases, the system and clinician ordered similar follow-up tests; in three cases follow-up differed, and in six cases, the system ordered follow-up tests and the clinician ordered none.

Download Full-text

Electronic Correction of Values That Are "Off-Scale" in the "SMA-6" System for Continuous-flow Analysis

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/21.1.151 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 151-154

Author(s):

Louis Rosenfeld

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Chloride Solution ◽

Sodium Chloride Solution ◽

Electronic Device ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Continuous Flow Analysis ◽

Chart Paper

Abstract Data are presented for an electronic device that automatically halves "off-scale" signal voltages on the "SMA Flex-6" System (Technicon). This extends the usefulness of the system by obviating the need for most repeat analyses on dilutions of specimens containing constituents in concentrations that exceed the limits of the pre-calibrated chart paper. Accurate results are obtained because the chemical reactions are shown to be linear up to nearly twice the maximum calibration on the recorder paper for the following analytes: bilirubin, total and direct (20.0 mg/dl); alkaline phosphatase (700 U/ liter); lactate dehydrogenase (1200 U/liter); creatine kinase (2400 U/liter); and aspartate aminotransferase (600 U/liter). In contrast, dilution of sera 2-, 5-, and 10-fold with sodium chloride solution (8.5 g/liter) produces positive errors ranging from 6 to 38% for these enzymes, but has no significant effect on bilirubin.

Download Full-text

New continuous-flow analysis for simultaneous determination of creatinine and uric acid in 200 microliters of serum without use of a dialyzer.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/24.9.1578 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1578-1585 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P H Lolekha ◽

V Chantarothipol ◽

A Wongvibulsin

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Steady State ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

New Method ◽

Continuous Flow Analysis ◽

Instrument Response

Abstract We present a new method for direct continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer II) measurement of serum creatinine and uric acid. The manifold is simple, inexpensive, and can be constructed in the laboratory. Only 200 microliters of serum is needed; analysis rate is 60 samples per hour. The incorporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the simultaneous provision of blank subtraction make it possible to omit the dialysis step. Our method does not require the linearizer, since instrument response and concentration of creatinine and uric acid are linearly related to 200 and 120 mg/liter, respectively. The percentages of steady state, interaction, and recovery are acceptable, Precision is excellent and the results obtained from the new method correlate well with those obtained by the comparison methods. Interferences are few and, when encountered, are generally smaller than in the modified Technicon method. Marked hemolysis interferes only with the uric acid assay; marked turbidity has no effect on results for creatinine. Icteric serum with total bilirubin of 50 and 100 mg/liter interferes significantly with results for creatinine and uric acid, respectively, by the new method.

Download Full-text

Spectrophotometric determination of creatinine by monosegmented continuous-flow analysis

Journal of Automatic Chemistry ◽

10.1155/s146392469200021x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 97-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lourival C. de Faria ◽

Celio Pasquini

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Flow System ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Peak Height ◽

Automatic Method ◽

Real Samples ◽

Continuous Flow Analysis ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Better Than

A monosegmented continuous-flow system (MCFS) has been evaluated for determination of creatinine in urine using the Jaffé reaction. The analyser is compact and allows 130 determinations to be performed per hour, with a relative standard deviation of the peak height better than 1.5% (N =10). The results for real samples agree with those obtained by. the standard manual Jaffé procedure and with the kinetic automatic method.

Download Full-text

Microsampling on the Technicon SMAC system.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/29.8.1531 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1531-1534

Author(s):

T A Walmsley ◽

R T Fowler ◽

M H Abernethy

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Sample Size ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Sample Volume ◽

Sample Stream ◽

Continuous Flow Analysis ◽

Direct Sampling ◽

Calibration Materials ◽

Sample Dilution

Abstract The sample volume needed for a Technicon SMAC continuous-flow analyzer has been reduced for routine operation. Two options are available: 141 microL for a 17-test profile, or 224 microL, which allows the direct-sampling assays for creatinine and iron to be included. The sample decrease is achieved by the sequential dialysis of creatinine and iron, an increased sample dilution from sixfold to ninefold, the strict minimization of diluted sample stream wastage, and development of more sensitive methods for glucose and alkaline phosphatase to allow greater use of the diluted sample stream. A glycine-containing diluent increases the sensitivity of the iron method by 25% and prevents the protein precipitation that plagues the continuous-flow analysis for iron in plasma. No deterioration in performance of the analyzer has been detected during nine months of routine operation at the reduced sample size. Added advantages are the decreased consumption of calibration materials and an increased ability to do repeat tests.

Download Full-text

Reaction Rate Measurement of Multiple Enzyme Samples by Continuous Flow Analysis

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/13.10.847 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 847-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Harold H Brown ◽

Mary R Ebner

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Light Absorption ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Single Point ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Enzyme Assays ◽

Rate Measurement ◽

Kinetic Assay ◽

Continuous Flow Analysis

Abstract A simple technic to adapt the advantages of continuous flow analysis to the kinetic assay of multiple enzyme samples is described. It will permit adequate standardization by primary or secondary standards run through the entire analysis of those procedures that do not exhibit spontaneous changes in light absorption or fluorescence with time. The adaptation of the Kind-King method for alkaline phosphatase (1) to this technic is given to demonstrate the superiority of such a system over single-point enzyme assays.

Download Full-text