scholarly journals Experimental evidence of Wolbachia introgressive acquisition between terrestrial isopod subspecies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bech ◽  
Sophie Beltran-Bech ◽  
Cassandre Chupeau ◽  
Jean Peccoud ◽  
Magali Thierry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Terrestrial Isopod ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Wolbachia Infection Dynamics

Abstract Wolbachia are the most widespread endosymbiotic bacteria in animals. In many arthropod host species, they manipulate reproduction via several mechanisms that favour their maternal transmission to offspring. Among them, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) promotes the spread of the symbiont by specifically decreasing the fertility of crosses involving infected males and uninfected females, via embryo mortality. These differences in reproductive efficiency may select for the avoidance of incompatible mating, a process called reinforcement, and thus contribute to population divergence. In the terrestrial isopod Porcellio dilatatus, the Wolbachia wPet strain infecting the subspecies P. d. petiti induces unidirectional CI with uninfected individuals of the subspecies P. d. dilatatus. To study the consequences of CI on P. d. dilatatus and P. d. petiti hybridization, mitochondrial haplotypes and Wolbachia infection dynamics, we used population cages seeded with different proportions of the two subspecies in which we monitored these genetic parameters five and seven years after the initial set up. Analysis of microsatellite markers allowed evaluating the degree of hybridization between individuals of the two subspecies. These markers revealed an increase in P. d. dilatatus nuclear genetic signature in all mixed cages, reflecting an asymmetry in hybridization. Hybridization led to the introgressive acquisition of Wolbachia and mitochondrial haplotype from P. d. petiti into nuclear genomes dominated by microsatellite markers of P. d. dilatatus. We discuss these results with regards to Wolbachia effects on their host (CI and putative fitness cost), and to a possible reinforcement that may have led to assortative mating, as possible factors contributing to the observed results.

scholarly journals Complex wolbachia infection dynamics in mosquitoes with imperfect maternal transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Wenliang Guo ◽  
Linchao Hu ◽  
Mugen Huang ◽  
Jianshe Yu
Keyword(s):  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Wolbachia Infection Dynamics

scholarly journals Mutualistic Wolbachia Infection in Aedes albopictus: Accelerating Cytoplasmic Drive

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094
Author(s):  
Stephen L Dobson ◽  
Eric J Marsland ◽  
Wanchai Rattanadechakul
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Wolbachia Infection Dynamics ◽  
Hatching Rates

Abstract Maternally inherited rickettsial symbionts of the genus Wolbachia occur commonly in arthropods, often behaving as reproductive parasites by manipulating host reproduction to enhance the vertical transmission of infections. One manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which causes a significant reduction in brood hatch and promotes the spread of the maternally inherited Wolbachia infection into the host population (i.e., cytoplasmic drive). Here, we have examined a Wolbachia superinfection in the mosquito Aedes albopictus and found the infection to be associated with both cytoplasmic incompatibility and increased host fecundity. Relative to uninfected females, infected females live longer, produce more eggs, and have higher hatching rates in compatible crosses. A model describing Wolbachia infection dynamics predicts that increased fecundity will accelerate cytoplasmic drive rates. To test this hypothesis, we used population cages to examine the rate at which Wolbachia invades an uninfected Ae. albopictus population. The observed cytoplasmic drive rates were consistent with model predictions for a CI-inducing Wolbachia infection that increases host fecundity. We discuss the relevance of these results to both the evolution of Wolbachia symbioses and proposed applied strategies for the use of Wolbachia infections to drive desired transgenes through natural populations (i.e., population replacement strategies).

scholarly journals Titer regulation in arthropod-Wolbachia symbioses

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio López-Madrigal ◽  
Elves H Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
Host Fitness ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fine Regulation

ABSTRACT Symbiosis between intracellular bacteria (endosymbionts) and animals are widespread. The alphaproteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis is known to maintain a variety of symbiotic associations, ranging from mutualism to parasitism, with a wide range of invertebrates. Wolbachia infection might deeply affect host fitness (e.g. reproductive manipulation and antiviral protection), which is thought to explain its high prevalence in nature. Bacterial loads significantly influence both the infection dynamics and the extent of bacteria-induced host phenotypes. Hence, fine regulation of bacterial titers is considered as a milestone in host-endosymbiont interplay. Here, we review both environmental and biological factors modulating Wolbachia titers in arthropods.

scholarly journals Wolbachia infection in the terrestrial isopod Oniscus asellus: sex ratio distortion and effect on fecundity

Heredity ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Rigaud ◽  
Jérôme Moreau ◽  
Pierre Juchault
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Terrestrial Isopod ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion

scholarly journals Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) in Polish waters − its mitochondrial haplotype and role as intermediate host for trematodes

2020 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Anna Stanicka ◽  
Kamila Stefania Zając ◽  
Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik ◽  
Anna Cichy ◽  
Janusz Żbikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Haplotype 1 ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail

The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843)) is on the list of one hundred worst invasive species. Researchers point out that genetic variation between populations of P. antipodarum manifested in differences in life-history traits. The main objective of our investigation was to gain pioneer knowledge about mitochondrial haplotypes of P. antipodarum in Polish waters on the background of these haplotypes recorded in the world and confirmation of the main role of P. antipodarum in the life cycle of digenean trematodes. We examined 1000 individuals of P. antipodarum from five water bodies in three different parts of Poland for the presence of larval stages of digenean trematodes. For several randomly selected individuals we carried out DNA sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene as marker of this non-indigenous mollusk. Only one 16S rRNA haplotype of P. antipodarum was recorded in Polish waters, defined in this study as haplotype 1 which turned out to be the most widespread in Europe. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a source of trematode metacercariae belonging mainly to the family Echinostomatidae. As a result, we can demonstrate that it plays a role as the second intermediate host of digenean trematodes in European waters.

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a suitable host for Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) in Norway

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ROBERTSEN ◽  
H. HANSEN ◽  
L. BACHMANN ◽  
T. A. BAKKE
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Stock Management ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
In The Wild

Gyrodactylus specimens infecting both anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from River Signaldalselva (northern Norway) and resident Arctic charr from Lake Pålsbufjorden (southern Norway) were identified as G. salaris using molecular markers and morphometrics. The infection in Pålsbufjorden represents the first record of a viable G. salaris population infecting a host in the wild in the absence of salmon (Salmo salar). G. salaris on charr from Signaldalselva and Pålsbufjorden bear different mitochondrial haplotypes. While parasites infecting charr in Signaldalselva carry the same mitochondrial haplotype as parasites from sympatric Atlantic salmon, G. salaris from charr in Pålsbufjorden bear a haplotype that has previously been found in parasites infecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon, and an IGS repeat arrangement that is very similar to those observed earlier in parasites infecting rainbow trout. Accordingly, the infection may result from 2 subsequent host-switches (from salmon via rainbow trout to charr). Morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between G. salaris infecting charr in the 2 localities, and between those on sympatric charr and salmon within Signaldalselva. These differences may reflect adaptations to a new host species, different environmental conditions, and/or inherited differences between the G. salaris strains. The discovery of G. salaris on populations of both anadromous and resident charr may have severe implications for Atlantic salmon stock-management as charr may represent a reservoir for infection of salmon.

scholarly journals Unraveling heteroplasmy patterns with NOVOPlasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dierckxsens ◽  
Patrick Mardulyn ◽  
Guillaume Smits
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Benchmark Study ◽  
Haplotype Allele ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Scientific Fields

Abstract Heteroplasmy, the existence of multiple mitochondrial haplotypes within an individual, has been studied across different scientific fields. Mitochondrial genome polymorphisms have been linked to multiple severe disorders and are of interest to evolutionary studies and forensic science. Before the development of massive parallel sequencing (MPS), most studies of mitochondrial genome variation were limited to short fragments and to heteroplasmic variants associated with a relatively high frequency (>10%). By utilizing ultra-deep sequencing, it has now become possible to uncover previously undiscovered patterns of intra-individual polymorphisms. Despite these technological advances, it is still challenging to determine the origin of the observed intra-individual polymorphisms. We therefore developed a new method that not only detects intra-individual polymorphisms within mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes more accurately, but also looks for linkage among polymorphic sites by assembling the sequence around each detected polymorphic site. Our benchmark study shows that this method is capable of detecting heteroplasmy more accurately than any method previously available and is the first tool that is able to completely or partially reconstruct the sequence for each mitochondrial haplotype (allele). The method is implemented in our open source software NOVOPlasty that can be downloaded at https://github.com/ndierckx/NOVOPlasty.

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