scholarly journals Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) in Polish waters − its mitochondrial haplotype and role as intermediate host for trematodes

2020 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Anna Stanicka ◽  
Kamila Stefania Zając ◽  
Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik ◽  
Anna Cichy ◽  
Janusz Żbikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Haplotype 1 ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail

The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843)) is on the list of one hundred worst invasive species. Researchers point out that genetic variation between populations of P. antipodarum manifested in differences in life-history traits. The main objective of our investigation was to gain pioneer knowledge about mitochondrial haplotypes of P. antipodarum in Polish waters on the background of these haplotypes recorded in the world and confirmation of the main role of P. antipodarum in the life cycle of digenean trematodes. We examined 1000 individuals of P. antipodarum from five water bodies in three different parts of Poland for the presence of larval stages of digenean trematodes. For several randomly selected individuals we carried out DNA sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene as marker of this non-indigenous mollusk. Only one 16S rRNA haplotype of P. antipodarum was recorded in Polish waters, defined in this study as haplotype 1 which turned out to be the most widespread in Europe. Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a source of trematode metacercariae belonging mainly to the family Echinostomatidae. As a result, we can demonstrate that it plays a role as the second intermediate host of digenean trematodes in European waters.

The structure of the adult and larval stages of Plagiorchis (Multiglandularis) megalorchis n.nom. from the turkey and an experimental demonstration of the life history

Parasitology ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Culicoides Nubeculosus ◽  
First Intermediate Host

1. Large numbers of Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis n.nom. were found in the intestine of four turkey poults of a total of thirteen which had died on a farm in Radnorshire. Presumably the presence of the parasites was the cause of death.2. The anatomy of the adult worm is described.3. The first intermediate host of the parasite is Lymnaea pereger, and the second intermediate host any of the following species of insect larvae: Chironomus riparius Meigen, Culicoides stigma Meigen, Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen and Anatopynia (Psectrotanypus) varius Fabr.4. The larval stages of the worm are described.5. The life cycle has been demonstrated experimentally by the feeding of insect larvae containing encysted cercariae to turkey poults.6. The turkey is probably not the normal host of Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis. It is most likely that it occurs naturally in some species of wild bird, but this is not yet known.

First molecular identification of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in its first intermediate host the mud snail Heleobia australis

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Alda ◽  
Nicolás Bonel ◽  
Carlos J. Panei ◽  
Néstor J. Cazzaniga ◽  
Sergio R. Martorelli
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Bahía Blanca Estuary ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mud Snail ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dna Primers ◽  
First Intermediate Host ◽  
Blanca Estuary

AbstractThis is the first study that used species-specific DNA primers to confirm the presence of the heterophyid Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa Ransom, 1920 in its first intermediate host. The larval stages (rediae and cercariae) of this parasite were morphologically and genetically identified in the gonad of the intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (d’Orbigny, 1835) (Cochliopidae) in the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. In addition, we asked whether the prevalence in H. australis varied between seasons. Mullets - the second intermediate host of this heterophyid - migrate in estuaries during the warmer seasons and it is expected that piscivorous birds and mammals - the definitive hosts - prey more intensively on this species at those times. Thus, the number of parasite eggs released into the tidal flat within their feces should be higher, thereby increasing the ingestion of the parasite by H. australis.We therefore expected a higher prevalence of A. (P.) longa in H. australis in the Bahía Blanca estuary during spring and summer than autumn and winter. We found that 16 out of 2,744 specimens of H. australis had been infected with A. (P.) longa (total prevalence of 0.58%). Nonetheless, the prevalence showed no significant variation between seasons. Hence, we discuss an alternative scenario where the lack of seasonal changes might be mostly related to the permanent residence of definitive hosts in the estuary and not to the seasonal recruitment of mullets. Finally, we highlight the need for more experimental and comparative approaches in order to understand the diagnosis and geographical distribution of this worldwide heterophyid.

scholarly journals Parasite Infection Status of Potamopyrgus Antipodarum

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Coen Adema ◽  
Ben Hanelt ◽  
R. Seville
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Horse Hair ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail ◽  
Non Destructive

Outside its native range, the invasive species Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand Mud snail; NZMS) has seldom been reported to harbor parasites. To test this intriguing observation, 7 sites along the Snake River and Polecat Creek in the Grand Teton National Park/John D Rockefeller Memorial Parkway area (W yoming, USA) were surveyed for NZMS, native aquatic snails and parasites: digenean trematodes (specialist parasites of snails) and nematomorphs (horse hair worms, generalist parasites of aquatic invertebrates), in July 2005. Non-destructive examination of 96 native snails at each site revealed abundant presence of digeneans (parasites that specialize in snails) at 6 sites. Within 2 hours, up to 12.4% of lymnaeid snails shed furcocercous cercaria or xiphidiocercaria, and up to 50% of physid snails released furcocercous cercaria or echinostome cercaria. A total of ~900 NZMS (collected from 5 of the sites) were investigated for infection with digeneans by overnight shedding. One NZMS yielded amphistome­like metacercariae that had encysted in the observation tray. The dissection of 150 ethanol-fixed NZMS (30/site) revealed several types of internal metacercarial stages of digeneans in 5 snails (all from Polecat Creek). PCR-based assays targeting parasite rDNA sequences in DNA extracted from pools of 150 snails each also indicated associations between digenean parasites and NZMS. All parasites were detected in NZMS from Polecat Creek. NZMS were not observed to harbor nematomorph parasites with any of the techniques used. In conclusion, the sites tested contained multiple native snail-digenean parasite associations, and the capacity of invasive NZMS outside the native range to serve as first and second intermediate host for digenean parasites may have been underestimated previously.

Infection of Mytilus edulis by the trematode Echinostephilla patellae (Digenea: Philophthalmidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Prinz ◽  
T.C. Kelly ◽  
R.M. O'Riordan ◽  
S.C. Culloty
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
The Common ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe blue mussel Mytilus edulis is described as second intermediate host for Echinostephilla patellae from the common limpet Patella vulgata. Mussels were infected with metacercariae of E. patellae under laboratory conditions. Average infection rates increased with increasing temperature, whereas numbers of cercariae, to which individual mussels were exposed, had no effect on relative infection success. The round to slightly oval metacercariae with an average cyst diameter of 208 μm (range 186–243 μm) encysted exclusively in the foot tissue of M. edulis. Morphologically similar metacercariae were found in naturally infected mussels at sites where parasitized P. vulgata and M. edulis are sympatric. This is the first report of E. patellae in blue mussels. The detection of M. edulis being a second intermediate host is of particular interest with regard to the abundance of the parasite and host organisms in intertidal rocky shore ecosystems. The potential role of the common limpet P. vulgata as an alternative secondary host is discussed.

THE MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND LIFE HISTORY OF METORCHIS CONJUNCTUS (COBBOLD, 1860)

1944 ◽  
Vol 22d (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Intermediate Host

A trematode, widely distributed in Canada, and occurring in man and other fish-eating mammals, is described and its taxonomy discussed. Its life cycle has been worked out and it is shown to involve a snail, Amnicola limosa porata as first intermediate host and a fish, the common sucker (Catostomus commersonii) as the second intermediate host. The larval stages are described.

STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLES AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE LARVAL STAGES OF ALARIA ARISAEMOIDES AUGUSTINE AND URIBE, 1927 AND ALARIA CANIS LARUE AND FALLIS, 1936 (TREMATODA: DIPLOSTOMIDAE)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

A. arisaemoides and A. canis have three-host life cycles. In both species there is a mesocercarial stage interpolated between the cercarial and the metacercarial stages. The mesocercaria develops in the second intermediate host and is infective for the definitive host. In the lungs of the definitive host the mesocercariae develops into a diplostomulum which in turn develops into an adult in the small intestine. Mesocercariae survive without developing further in a variety of paratenic hosts, for example, certain frogs, snakes, birds, and mammals. The morphology of the larval stages and the intramolluscan generations is described and observations on the following are given: rate of development, hatching of the egg, and swimming of the miracidium of A. arisaemoides; route of emergence from the snail host, variations in emergence, time of emergence and numbers emerging, activity, and penetration of the second intermediate host by the cercariae; and locomotion and the change in distribution of the mesocercariae of A. arisaemoides and A. canis during metamorphosis of the tadpole host; and egg production by the adult of A. canis.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

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