scholarly journals Thuja occidentalis(Arbor vitae): A Review of its Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Clinical Properties

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belal Naser ◽  
Cornelia Bodinet ◽  
Martin Tegtmeier ◽  
Ulrike Lindequist
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Product ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Tract Infections

Arbor vitae (Thuja occidentalisL.) is a native European tree widely used in homeopathy and evidence-based phytotherapy. Many reviews and monographs have been published on the herbal substance's description, mode of action and clinical use. However, no comprehensive evidence-based review is available. Therefore, our aim was to search MEDLINE databases and survey manufacturers for further details or unpublished data. This review presents the botany, ethnobotany and phytochemistry, especially the different contents of essential oil (Thujone) in relation to different extraction procedures of this medicinal plant.Thuja's antiviral action and immunopharmacological potential, such as stimulatory and co-stimulatory effects on cytokine and antibody production and activation of macrophages and other immunocompetent cells, have been evaluated in numerousin vitroandin vivoinvestigations. Although no controlled trials have been conducted onThuja occalone, many clinical studies have been performed with a herbal medicinal product containing a special extract ofThuja occand other immunostimulants, demonstrating its therapeutic efficacy and safety in respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Rhinitis, rhinosinusutus and phytotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
V. V. Shilenkova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Product ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Rhinitis

Acute rhinitis and acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) have viral etiology in the most of cases, and their therapy is aimed at alleviating clinical symptoms and preventing new episodes. The indications for antibiotic therapy are severe bacterial ARS, ARS with complications, and recurrent bacterial ARS. Such a categorical approach is due to the increase of antibiotic resistance, which leads to the popularization of efficient phytotherapy. Modern herbal medical products comply with general recommendation and standards of efficacy, safety and quality, and their effectiveness has been proven in clinical trials along with synthetic drugs. In acute upper respiratory tract infections, herbal medical drugs stimulate the immune system, relieve clinical symptoms, and improve the patient’s quality of life. A significant emphasis in phytotherapy is given to complex drugs synthesized on the basis of phytoneering. One of such remedies is the herbal medicinal product containing the different parts of 5 medicinal herbs: Gentian root (Gentianae radix), Primrose flowers (with calyx) (Primulae flos (cum calycibus)), Common sorrel herb (Rumicis herba), Elder flowers (Sambuci flos) and Vervain herb (Verbenae herba). This herbal medicinal product shows secretolytic, secretomotor, antiinflammatory, antiviral and mild antibacterial farmacological effects. The article provides an analysis of studies in vitro and in vivo proving the anti-inflammatory effect of Sinupret®, its potentiating effect on nasal mucosa mucociliary transport as well as efficacy and safety in patients with rhinosinusitis.

scholarly journals In Vitro and Murine Efficacy and Toxicity Studies of Nebulized SCC1, a Methylated Caffeine-Silver(I) Complex, for Treatment of Pulmonary Infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 3285-3293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Cannon ◽  
Lisa A. Hogue ◽  
Ravy K. Vajravelu ◽  
George H. Capps ◽  
Aida Ibricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The expanding clinical challenge of respiratory tract infections due to resistant bacteria necessitates the development of new forms of therapy. The development of a compound composed of silver coupled to a methylated caffeine carrier (silver carbene complex 1 [SCC1]) that demonstrated in vitro efficacy against bacteria, including drug-resistant organisms, isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections was described previously. The findings of current in vitro studies now suggest that bactericidal concentrations of SCC1 are not toxic to airway epithelial cells in primary culture. Thus, it was hypothesized that SCC1 could be administered by the aerosolized route to concentrate delivery to the lung while minimizing systemic toxicity. In vivo, aerosolized SCC1 delivered to mice resulted in mild aversion behavior, but it was otherwise well tolerated and did not cause lung inflammation following administration over a 5-day period. The therapeutic efficacy of SCC1 compared to that of water was shown in a 3-day prophylaxis protocol, in which mice infected with a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had increased survival, decreased amounts of bacteria in the lung, and a lower prevalence of bacteremia. Similarly, by using an airway infection model in which bacteria were impacted in the airways by agarose beads, the administration of SCC1 was significantly superior to water in decreasing the lung bacterial burden and the levels of bacteremia and markers of airway inflammation. These observations indicate that aerosolized SCC1, a novel antimicrobial agent, warrants further study as a potential therapy for bacterial respiratory tract infections.

A Review of Topical Povidone-iodine to Decrease Viral Load of COViD-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Benson ◽  
Amalia A. Mancini ◽  
Michael R. Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Tract Infections

Topical povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is currently being considered as a potential preventive measure against the spread of COVID-19. Diluted PVP-I solutions have been historically used in Asia to treat upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) by decreasing the bacterial and viral load on oropharyngeal mucosa to decrease the transmission of diseases. Efficacy of gargling 0.23% PVP-I mouthwash in Japan demonstrated to be efficacious in lowering the prevalence of URTIs when compared with placebo. The 0.23% concentration was used in vitro on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which produced undetectable results after 30 seconds of exposure. Additionally, a recent study in 2020 proved the efficacy of PVP-I 0.45%-10% in reducing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV 2) viral load in vitro. Numerous clinical trials are being conducted to determine if there is a decrease in viral load, and thus transmission, when using oral or nasal topical PVP-I in COVID-19 patients. Because of the current lack of evidence for the use of PVP-I in vivo with COVID-19, it is recommended to await the clinical trial results before initiating this practice.

scholarly journals RFI-641, a Potent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inhibitor

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton C. Huntley ◽  
William J. Weiss ◽  
Anna Gazumyan ◽  
Aron Buklan ◽  
Boris Feld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Monkey Model ◽  
Cotton Rats ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a paramyxovirus, is a major cause of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and adults. RFI-641 is a novel anti-RSV agent with potent in vitro and in vivo activity. RFI-641 is active against both RSV type A and B strains. The viral specificity and the large therapeutic window of RFI-641 (>100-fold) indicate that the antiviral activity of the compound is not due to adverse effects on normal cells. The potent in vitro activity of RFI-641 can be translated to efficacy in vivo: RFI-641 is efficacious when administered prophylactically by the intranasal route in mice, cotton rats, and African green monkeys. RFI-641 is also efficacious when administered therapeutically (24 h postinfection) in the monkey model. Mechanism of action studies indicate that RFI-641 blocks viral F protein-mediated fusion and cell syncytium formation.

scholarly journals Tormentillae rhizoma – Review for an Underestimated European Herbal Drug

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (15) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias F. Melzig ◽  
Stefan Böttger
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Product ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Abstract Potentilla erecta is a medicinal plant described under its traditional name Tormentil in medieval herbal books and used until today in many European countries. Today monographs for Tormentillae rhizoma in the European pharmacopeia, as well as a monograph of the Herbal Medicinal Product Commission as a drug for traditional use, exist. The present review summarizes published investigations in phytochemistry and pharmacology, together with new findings reflecting the mechanisms of action of ellagitannins as one of the main ingredients of this herbal drug. Taken together all in vitro and in vivo investigations’ data support the traditional use for treatment of diarrhea and mucosal inflammation despite a lack of suffcient clinical studies.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Efficacies of Three Macrolides Compared with Those of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate againstStreptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Berry ◽  
Christine E. Thorburn ◽  
Sarah J. Knott ◽  
Gary Woodnutt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Comparative antibacterial efficacies of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin were examined againstStreptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, with amoxicillin-clavulanate used as the active control. In vitro, the macrolides at twice their MICs and at concentrations achieved in humans were bacteriostatic or reduced the numbers of viable S. pneumoniae slowly, whereas amoxicillin-clavulanate showed a rapid antibacterial effect. AgainstH. influenzae, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and clarithromycin plus 14-hydroxy clarithromycin at twice their MICs produced a slow reduction in bacterial numbers, whereas azithromycin was bactericidal. Azithromycin at the concentrations achieved in the serum of humans was bacteriostatic, whereas erythromycin and clarithromycin were ineffective. In experimental respiratory tract infections in rats, clarithromycin (equivalent to 250 mg twice daily [b.i.d.]) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (equivalent to 500 plus 125 mg b.i.d., respectively) were highly effective against S. pneumoniae, but azithromycin (equivalent to 500 and 250 mg once daily) was significantly less effective (P < 0.01). Against H. influenzae, clarithromycin treatment (equivalent to 250 or 500 mg b.i.d.) was similar to no treatment and was significantly less effective than amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment (P < 0.01). Azithromycin demonstrated significant in vivo activity (P < 0.05) but was significantly less effective than amoxicillin-clavulanate (P < 0.05). Overall, amoxicillin-clavulanate was effective in vitro and in vivo. Clarithromycin and erythromycin were ineffective in vitro and in vivo against H. influenzae, and azithromycin (at concentrations achieved in humans) showed unreliable activity against both pathogens. These results may have clinical implications for the utility of macrolides in the empiric therapy of respiratory tract infections.

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