Myocardial T2 values by a segmental approach with healthy ageing and gender

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction. No data are available in literature about normal ranges for T2 in human myocardium using GE scanners. Aims. Our aims were to obtain myocardial regional and global T2 values as a reference for normality for the first time using a GE scanner and to assess their association with physiological variables. Methods. A stratified approach was adopted for healthy volunteers recruitment, ensuring the presence of 10 participants for both genders in each age decile: 20–30, 30–40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70 years. Basal, medium, and apical short-axis slices of the left ventricle were acquired by a multi-echo fast-spin-echo (MEFSE) sequence. Image analysis was performed with a commercially available software package. T2 value was assessed in all 16 myocardial segments and global value was the mean. Results. The global T2 value averaged across all subjects was 52.2 ± 2.5 ms (range: 47.0-59.9 ms). Inter-study, intra-observer, and inter-observer reproducibility was good (coefficient of variation < 5%). The 3.6% of segments was excluded because of artifacts and/or partial-volume effects. Segmental T2 values differed significantly (P < 0.0001), with the lowest value in the basal anterolateral segment (50.0 ± 3.5 ms) and the highest in the apical lateral segment (54.9 ± 5.1 ms). Mean T2 was significantly lower in the basal slice compared to both medium (51.0 ± 2.4 vs 51.8 ± 2.6 ms; P < 0.0001) and apical slices (51.0 ± 2.4 vs 54.2 ± 3.7 ms; P < 0.0001), and in the medium slice than in the apical slice (51.8 ± 2.6 vs 54.2 ± 3.7 ms; P < 0.0001). Aging was associated with increased segmental and global T2 values. Females showed higher T2 values than males. T2 values were not correlated to heart rate. Mean T2 values, standard deviation, and lower and upper limits of normal for all 16 myocardial segments are shown in Figure 1 for males and in Figure 2 for females, considering separately each age group. Conclusion. The optimized MEFSE sequence allows for robust, reliable, and reproducible quantification of segmental T2 values. T2 values differ among myocardial slices and are influenced by age and gender, making mandatory to define gender- and age-specific segmental reference values for distinguishing between healthy and diseased myocardium. The normal ranges defined in this study on a large cohort of healthy subjects could be used as reference by other sites using the same sequence, allowing them to recruit a smaller population and accelerating the spread of myocardial T2 mapping in the clinical arena.

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T2 mapping of the heart with a double-inversion radial fast spin-echo method with indirect echo compensation

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽

10.1186/s12968-015-0108-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tomoe Hagio ◽

Chuan Huang ◽

Aiden Abidov ◽

Jaspreet Singh ◽

Bujji Ainapurapu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Fast Spin

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Myocardial Tissue Characterization By T2 Mapping in Thalassemia Major

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2020-134591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 27-28

Author(s):

Alessia Pepe ◽

Nicola Martini ◽

Rita Borrello ◽

Vincenzo Positano ◽

Laura Pistoia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Characterization ◽

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Myocardial Inflammation ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Myocardial Iron ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction.The presence of iron deposits results in a significant reduction in all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times (T1, T2 and T2*). In the clinical setting the T2* technique is the method of choice for cardiac iron quantification and it has revolutionized the management of patients with hemoglopinopathies. Purpose.To compare myocardial T2 against T2* in patients with thalassemia major (TM) for myocardial iron characterization. Methods.133 TM patients (79 females, 38.4±11.3 years) enrolled in the Extension Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia (eMIOT) Network were considered. T2 and T2* images were acquired, respectively, with multi-echo fast-spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. Global heart T2 and T2* values were obtained by averaging the values in all 16 myocardial segments. The normal T2 range was established as mean±2 standard deviations on data acquired on 80 healthy volunteers (males: 48-56 ms and females: 50-57 ms). The lower limit of normal for global heart T2*, established on the same healthy population, was 32 ms. Results.A significant correlation was detected between global heart T2 and T2* values (R=0.577; P<0.0001) (Figure). Out of the 113 (84.9%) patients with a normal global heart T2* value, none had a decreased global heart T2 value, while 58 (51.3%) had an increased T2 value. Out of the 20 patents with a decreased global heart T2* value, only 10 (50%) had also a reduced T2 value. Conversely, 9 (45.0%) had a normal global heart T2 value and one (4.5) showed an increased T2 value. The 59 patients with increased global heart T2 value were significantly older than the remaining patients (40.8±10.5 vs 36.4±11.6 years; P=0.019) Conclusion.All patients with decreased T2 value had also a decreased T2* value and in half of the patients iron load was undetected by T2, suggesting that T2 mapping does not offer any advantage in terms of sensitivity for MIO assessment. However, more than half of TM patients had an increased T2 value, thus may be caused by the presence of myocardial inflammation and/or edema. So, T2 mapping could reveal subclinical myocardial involvement in TM patients. Figure Disclosures Pistoia: Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.:Other: speakers' honoraria.Meloni:Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.:Other: speakers' honoraria.

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Quantitative in vivo T2 mapping using fast spin echo techniques – A linear correction procedure

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 476-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ulrike Nöth ◽

Manoj Shrestha ◽

Jan-Rüdiger Schüre ◽

Ralf Deichmann

Keyword(s):

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Correction Procedure ◽

Linear Correction ◽

Fast Spin

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A Review of Arthroscopic Bone Marrow Stimulation Techniques of the Talus

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/1947603510364403 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Christopher D. Murawski ◽

Li Foong Foo ◽

John G. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Osteochondral Lesions ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Bone Marrow Stimulation ◽

Marrow Stimulation ◽

Over Time

Osteochondral lesions of the talus are common injuries following acute and chronic ankle sprains. Numerous surgical treatment strategies have been employed for treating these lesions; arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation is recognized as the first-line technique to provide fibrocartilage infill of the defect site. While the short- and medium-term outcomes of this technique are good, the long-term outcomes are not yet known. An increasing number of studies, however, show a cause for concern in employing this technique, including declining outcome scores over time. The current authors have therefore developed a treatment strategy based on previously established guidelines in addition to morphological cartilage-sensitive fast spin echo techniques and quantitative T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Accordingly, the authors advocate arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation in lesion sizes up to 8 mm in diameter and osteochondral autograft transplant (OATS) in lesion sizes greater than 8 mm in diameter. In the absence of long-term studies, confining the use of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation to smaller lesions may support prolonged joint life by decreasing the rate at which the fibrocartilage ultimately degenerates over time. Employing the OATS procedure in larger lesions has the advantage of replacing “like with like.” The current review examines the role of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation techniques of the talus.

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Clinical Feasibility of Multi-Acquisition Variable-Resonance Image Combination–Based T2 Mapping near Hip Arthroplasty

HSS Journal ® ◽

10.1177/1556331621994801 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155633162199480

Author(s):

Jacky Cheung ◽

John P. Neri ◽

Madeleine A. Gao ◽

Bin Lin ◽

Alissa J. Burge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Hip Resurfacing ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Clinical Impression ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Hip arthroplasty is increasingly prevalent, and early detection of complications can improve outcomes. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) methods using multi-acquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC) may allow for the assessment of soft tissues in close proximity to hip arthroplasty devices. Question/Purposes: We sought to determine the clinical feasibility of MAVRIC-based T2 mapping as a qMRI approach for assessing synovial reactions in patients with a hip arthroplasty device. We hypothesized that there would be differences in T2 metrics by synovial type, clinical impression, and clinical findings related to synovitis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 141 subjects with 171 hip arthroplasties with greater than 1 year post-implantation. We enrolled subjects who had had a primary total hip arthroplasty or hip resurfacing arthroplasty between May 2019 and March 2020, excluding those with a revision hip arthroplasty and those with standard safety contraindications for receiving an MRI. Institutional standard 2D fast spin echo (FSE), short-tau inversion recovery (STIR), and susceptibility-reduced MAVRIC morphological MR images were acquired for each hip and followed by a dual-echo acquisition MAVRIC T2 mapping sequence. Results: While 131 subjects (81%) were classified as having a “normal” synovial reaction, significantly longer T2 values were found for fluid synovial reactions compared with mixed reactions. In addition, subjects with synovial dehiscence and decompression present had T2 prolongation. Larger synovial volumes were found in subjects with low-signal intensity deposits. Conclusions: MAVRIC-based T2 mapping is clinically feasible and there are significant quantitative differences based on type of synovial reaction. Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy revision surgery will warrant comparison of T2 values with direct histologic assessment of a tissue sample obtained intraoperatively. The approach used in this study may be used for a quantitative evaluation and monitoring of soft tissues around metal implants.

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T2 Mapping from Super-Resolution-Reconstructed Clinical Fast Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance Acquisitions

Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2020 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-59713-9_12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 114-124

Author(s):

Hélène Lajous ◽

Tom Hilbert ◽

Christopher W. Roy ◽

Sébastien Tourbier ◽

Priscille de Dumast ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Fast Spin

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Comparison of conventional single echo and multi-echo sequences with a fast spin-echo sequence for quantitative T2 mapping: Application to the prostate

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.1880060408 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 603-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Gary P. Liney ◽

Adrian J. Knowles ◽

David J. Manton ◽

Lindsay W. Turnbull ◽

Stephen J. Blackband ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Spin Echo Sequence ◽

Fast Spin Echo Sequence ◽

Fast Spin

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MRI T2 Mapping of Knee Articular Cartilage Using Different Acquisition Sequences and Calculation Methods at 1.5 Tesla

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000490796 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 443-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mokhtar Mars ◽

Mouna Chelli ◽

Zeineb Tbini ◽

Fethi Ladeb ◽

Souha Gharbi

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Spin Echo ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

T Test ◽

Reference Sequence ◽

Fast Spin Echo ◽

Calculation Methods ◽

Scanning Time ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: This study aims to determine how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques and calculation methods affect T2 values of knee cartilage at 1.5 tesla and to identify sequences that can be used for high-resolution T2 mapping in short scanning times. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on phantom and 29 patients who underwent MRI of the knee joint at 1.5 tesla. The protocol includes T2 mapping sequences based on Single-Echo Spin Echo (SESE), Multi-Echo Spin Echo (MESE), Fast Spin Echo (FSE) and Turbo Gradient Spin Echo (TGSE). The T2 relaxation times were quantified and evaluated using three calculation methods (MapIt, Syngo Offline and mono-exponential fit). signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were measured in all sequences. All statistical analyses were performed using the t-test. Results: The average T2 values in phantom were 41.7 ± 13.8 ms for SESE, 43.2 ± 14.4 ms for MESE, 42.4 ± 14.1 ms for FSE and 44 ± 14.5 ms for TGSE. In the patient study, the mean differences were 6.5 ± 8.2 ms, 7.8 ± 7.6 ms and 8.4 ± 14.2 ms for MESE, FSE and TGSE compared to SESE, respectively; these statistical results were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The comparison between the three calculation methods showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The t-test showed no significant difference between SNR values for all sequences. Conclusion: T2 values depend not only on the sequence type but also on the calculation method. None of the sequences revealed significant differences compared to the SESE reference sequence. TGSE with its short scanning time can be used for high-resolution T2 mapping.

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