scholarly journals Gender Differences of Postdeployment Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Service Members and Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone ◽  
Isabel Jacobson
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 20140008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett T. Litz

The resilience construct has received a great deal of attention as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The discourse about resilience, especially the promise of promoting it and mitigating risk for serious post-traumatic negative outcomes among service members and veterans, is hopeful and encouraging. Remarkably, most service members exposed to horrific war trauma are not incapacitated by the experience. Yet, resilience is elusive and fleeting for many veterans of war. In this paper, I address some of the complexities about resilience in the context of exposure to war stressors and I offer some assumptions and heuristics that stem from my involvement in the dialogue about resilience and from experiences helping prevent post-traumatic stress disorder among active-duty service members with military trauma. My goal is to use my observations and applied experiences as an instructive context to raise critical questions for the field about resilience in the face of traumatic life-events.


2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Sonne ◽  
Sudie E. Back ◽  
Claudia Diaz Zuniga ◽  
Carrie L. Randall ◽  
Kathleen T. Brady

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal R Khokhar ◽  
Megan A Lindberg ◽  
William C Walker

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic pain is a significant problem for service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While the root cause of pain is not clearly understood, comorbidities may contribute to how their pain disrupts their functional status, a construct termed “pain interference.” The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between mTBI, other comorbidities, and pain interference. Materials and Methods The sample comprised participants with mTBI(s) from The Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium multicenter observational study. Potential concussive events were identified using a modified Ohio State University traumatic brain injury (TBI) Identification interview and then further with a structured interview. Pain interference was measured with the TBI quality-of-life pain interference score, which was categorized into insignificant, moderate, and high pain interference. Comorbidities of interest included anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, and arthritis. Multivariable relationships were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The analysis sample included 346 participants with mTBI(s). In adjusted analysis, those with high pain interference were more likely to have history of ≥ 3 TBIs (odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 6.9) and to have clinical levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.9, 15.7), depression (OR 2.5, 95% CI, 1.0, 6.1), anxiety (OR 4.9, 95% CI, 2.0, 11.7), and sleep disturbances (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.0, 19.0) versus those with insignificant pain interference. Conclusion These results identify clinical features of veterans and service members with mTBI(s) who are at highest risk for pain-related disability. These findings also demonstrate the need to consider mental health and sleep problems in their pain evaluation and treatment approach.


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