Use of self-medication among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Recently, inappropriate use of antibiotics has been correlated with life-threatening side-effects such as adverse effects, increased cost of treatment, and the higher rate of microbial resistance. Besides, it leads to a waste of resources. Therefore, this review sought to determine the pooled prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics, self-medicated illness, reasons for self-medication, antibiotics used for self-medication, source of obtaining antibiotics, the inappropriate practice of antibiotics and suggested recommendations for talking self-medication with antibiotics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization (EMRWHO). Methods Review conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Database search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science using a combination of keywords which included; antimicrobial, antibacterial, antibiotic, self-medication, self-treatment, self-prescription, non-prescribed, irrational use, inappropriate use, misuse, abuse and Eastern Mediterranean Region of WHO countries. The lists of references of the selected articles were also hand-searched to obtained additional relevant articles. Studies published in English from 2000 to 2018 were included in the review. Results We report on data from 60 articles and 49629 participants in this review. The overall prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in EMRWHO was 47.2% (95% CI 41.6% – 52.9%). Yemen has the highest pooled rate with a rate of 75.0% (95% CI 63.4% − 83.9%), whilst Lebanon has the lowest pooled rate with a prevalence of 28.7% (95% CI 18.4% − 41.8%). The most common illnesses implicated in antibiotic self-medication were upper-respiratory infections and the most common antibiotic was Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. The commonest reasons for antibiotic self-medication include: saving time and money. Pharmacies pointed out as the most common source of obtaining antibiotics for self-medication. Conclusion Self-medication with antibiotics is significantly high in the member states of EMRWHO. Intervention such as an educational program for communities’ members to change their behaviors, policy on the mechanism of distribution of antibiotics is called for in this area.

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891l: Use of Self Expanding Stents in the Treatment of Bariatric Surgery Leaks: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/j.gie.2010.03.134 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. AB140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Srinivas R. Puli ◽

Inbar S. Spofford ◽

Christopher C. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Use Of Self

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Self-Medication with Antibiotics among University Students in LMIC: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (08) ◽

pp. 678-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rixiang Xu ◽

Tingyu Mu ◽

Guan Wang ◽

Jing Shi ◽

Xin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

University Students ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Self Medication ◽

Middle Income ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Introduction: Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is common among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there has been no meta-analysis and systematic review in the population. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for the period from January 2000 to July 2018. Only observational studies that had SMA among university students from LMICs were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) due to the expected heterogeneity (I2 over 50%). Results: The pooled prevalence of SMA of overall included studies was 46.0% (95% CI: 40.3% to 51.8%). Africa had the highest pooled prevalence of SMA among university students (55.30%), whereas South America had the lowest prevalence (38.3%). Among individual LMICs, the prevalence of SMA among university students varied from as low as 11.1% in Brazil to 90.7% in Congo. Conclusions: The practice of SMA is a widespread phenomenon among university students in LMICs and is frequently associated with inappropriate use. Effective interventions such as medication education and stricter governmental regulation concerning antibiotic use and sale are required to be established in order to deal with SMA properly.

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Comparative Assessment of the Prevalence, Practices and Factors Associated with Self-medication with Antibiotics in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.1101/2021.03.24.21254283 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eugene Vernyuy Yeika ◽

Brecht Ingelbeen ◽

Ben-Lawrence Kemah ◽

Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy ◽

Joseph Nkeangu Fomengia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Educational Status ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Self Medication ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Western Africa ◽

Socio Economic Factors

AbstractBackgroundSelf-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is a common practise in many parts of Africa, but its magnitude and drivers are not well-known. This systematic review evaluated and compared the prevalence, reasons, sources, and factors associated with of SMA within African sub-regions.MethodsAn electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed for observational studies conducted between January 2005 and February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full texts using the PRISMA flowchart and equally performed quality assessment. Both quantitative and qualitative syntheses of selected studies were carried out.ResultsA total of 40 studies from 19 countries were selected for qualitative synthesis. The prevalence of SMA in Africa ranged from 12.1% to 93.9% with a median prevalence of 55.7% (IQR 41%-75%). Western Africa was the sub-region with the highest prevalence 70.1% (IQR 48.3%-82.1%), followed by Northern Africa with 48.1% (IQR 41.1-64.3%). We identified 27 different antibiotics used for self-medication from 13 different antibiotic classes. Penicillins were the most frequently used antibiotics followed by Tetracyclines and Fluoroquinolones. The most frequent indications for SMA were upper respiratory tract symptoms/infections (27 studies). Common sources of antibiotics used for self-medication were community pharmacies (31 studies), family/friends (20 studies), leftover antibiotics from previous treatments (19 studies), and patent medicine stores (18 studies). Commonly reported factors associated with SMA were no education/ low educational status (9 studies), male gender (5 studies), and low income / unemployment (2 studies).ConclusionsThe prevalence of SMA in Africa is high and varies across sub-regions with Western Africa having the highest prevalence. Drivers of SMA are complex comprising of socio-economic factors, limited access to healthcare coupled with absence or poorly implemented policies regulating antibiotic sales.

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Prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice ◽

10.1186/s40545-021-00391-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Getahun Fetensa ◽

Tadesse Tolossa ◽

Werku Etafa ◽

Ginenus Fekadu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

University Students ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Self Medication ◽

Manual Search ◽

Global Issue ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Unpublished Studies

Abstract Background Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a significant impact on drug resistance and medication-related complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia. Published articles from various electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were accessed. In addition, a manual search was performed including Google Scholar. Searching of articles were searched from January 1st to February 1, 2021. All observational studies conducted among university students in English language were included in the review. Two reviewers independently assessed articles before inclusion in the final review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) instrument for critical appraisal. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity. Since the included studies exhibited high heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. Results We found of 812 published and unpublished studies in our search. Finally, 31 full-text studies were reviewed, and 13 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 5377 study respondents from 13 studies were included in the study. The results of our study revealed that the pooled prevalence of self-medication among university students was 49.41% (95% CI 38.67%, 60.13%). The included studies had a sample size ranging from 250 to 792 with the lowest prevalence (19.87%) of self-medication from the University of Gondar, whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) was recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. From the pooled estimation, there was a significant association between self-medication and income (OR = 0.67: 95% CI 0.55–0.80). However, the association between self-medication and year of study and sex of participants was insignificant. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of self-medication among Ethiopian university students was relatively high compared to the current global health problem with an increase in anti-microbial resistance. Health professionals and concerned bodies should pay attention to raising awareness regarding the consequences of using medications without prescription.

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Health Coaching Strategies for Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa159 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Mendes Sieczkowska ◽

Alisson Padilha de Lima ◽

Paul Alan Swinton ◽

Eimear Dolan ◽

Hamilton Roschel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Health Coaching ◽

Use Of Self ◽

Quality Of Evidence ◽

Reported Health

ABSTRACT Health coaching has emerged as a potential supporting tool for health professionals to overcome behavioral barriers, but its efficacy in weight management remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize and evaluate the quality of evidence supporting the use of self-reported health coaching for weight loss. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Psyinfo, Virtual Health Library, and Scielo) were independently searched from inception to May 2020. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendations. Any study that investigated a self-reported health coaching intervention with the goal of inducing weight loss in individuals of any age, health, or training status was considered for inclusion. Quantitative data were analyzed using multilevel hierarchical metaregression models conducted within a Bayesian framework. A total of 653 studies were screened and 38 were selected for inclusion. The quality of evidence supporting outcomes based on the entire evidence base was very low and studies were deemed to have high risk of bias. Meta-analysis of controlled studies provided evidence of an effect favoring coaching compared with usual care but was trivial in magnitude [effect size (ES)0.5: −0.09; 95% credible interval (CrI): −0.17, −0.02]. The multilevel extension of Egger's regression-intercept test indicated the existence of publication bias, whereas a sensitivity analysis based only on those studies deemed to be of high quality provided no evidence of an effect of coaching on weight loss (ES0.5: −0.04; 95% CrI: −0.12, 0.09). Considered collectively, the results of this investigation indicate that the available evidence is not of sufficient quality to support the use of self-reported health coaching as a health care intervention for weight loss. This trial was registered at Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as CRD42020159023.

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Prevalence of self-medication in university students: systematic review and meta-analysis

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/emhj.20.052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 846-857

Author(s):

Meysam Behzadifar ◽

Masoud Behzadifar ◽

Aidin Aryankhesal ◽

Hamid Ravaghi ◽

Hamid Reza Baradaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

University Students ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Self Medication

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Epidemiology of self-medication in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology ◽

10.1186/s40360-018-0248-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mekonnen Sisay ◽

Getnet Mengistu ◽

Dumessa Edessa

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Self Medication

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Prevalence and predictors of self-medication among University students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13118/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Getahun Fetensa ◽

Tadesse Tolossa ◽

Werku Etafa Ebi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

University Students ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Self Medication ◽

Medication Practice ◽

Manual Search ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Self-medication is the global issue especially on those having access and education about medication irrespective of its side effect. It has a significant impact on resistance and medication-related complication. There are limited and inconsistent studies regarding self-medication practice in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimates the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among Ethiopian university students. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia. We searched literature from the databases of Medline, Hinari, Scopes, PubMed CINAHL, PopLine, MedNar, Embase, Cochrane library, the JBI Library, the Web of Science, Google Scholar and manual search. A total of nine studies reporting the prevalence of self-medication among university students were included. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was done using STATA 14 statistical software. To assess heterogeneity, I2 test was used since the included studies exhibit high heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. In another way, the association between predictor variables, and self-medication practice were examined. Result A total of 3513 study respondents from nine studies in Ethiopia published between 2010-2017 were included in the study. The result of our study reveals that a pooled prevalence of self-medication among university students was 45.61% (95%CI: 30.66, 60.57). Included studies have a sample size ranged from 250 to 548 with lowest prevalence (19.81%) of self-medication from University of Gondar, whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. Conclusion Prevalence of Ethiopian university students was 45.61%, which is very high with the current global health problem with Anti-microbial resistance increment and other toxicity. In addition to this in this study, the association between self-medication and year of study was insignificant and statistically significant with the sex of participants and income level. Systemic review registration PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42018099975

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