Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-a Mirror Image of Parkinson’s Disease, A Literature Review of Rehabilitation Strategies

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease which mimic similar to Parkinsonism. PSP advances much quicker than in PD yet no effective medication or therapy to manage PSP available. This literature review aimed to discover the recent advances in the physical therapy treatment options for PSP. Databases such as PubMed, Elsevier and SAGE journal searched for both published and unpublished studies. Last 10-year studies were included in this review. Limited clinical trial conducted in this population due to which a structured protocol or rehabilitation strategies is missing for this condition. Balance exercise and gait training showed potential benefit and music-cued walking demonstrated participant’s satisfaction.

Prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a significant impact on drug resistance and medication-related complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among university students in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia. Published articles from various electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were accessed. In addition, a manual search was performed including Google Scholar. Searching of articles were searched from January 1st to February 1, 2021. All observational studies conducted among university students in English language were included in the review. Two reviewers independently assessed articles before inclusion in the final review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) instrument for critical appraisal. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity. Since the included studies exhibited high heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. Results We found of 812 published and unpublished studies in our search. Finally, 31 full-text studies were reviewed, and 13 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 5377 study respondents from 13 studies were included in the study. The results of our study revealed that the pooled prevalence of self-medication among university students was 49.41% (95% CI 38.67%, 60.13%). The included studies had a sample size ranging from 250 to 792 with the lowest prevalence (19.87%) of self-medication from the University of Gondar, whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) was recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. From the pooled estimation, there was a significant association between self-medication and income (OR = 0.67: 95% CI 0.55–0.80). However, the association between self-medication and year of study and sex of participants was insignificant. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of self-medication among Ethiopian university students was relatively high compared to the current global health problem with an increase in anti-microbial resistance. Health professionals and concerned bodies should pay attention to raising awareness regarding the consequences of using medications without prescription.

Prevalence of sex under the influence of drugs among young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the prevalence of engaging in sex under the influence of drugs among young adults. Condition being studied: The prevalence of sex under the influence of drugs in young adults. Information sources: Published and unpublished literature will be systematically searched via three electronic databases: ISI Web of Science (WoS Core Collection); Scopus; and Psychological Information (PsycInfo). A grey literature search will also be performed via the Google and Google Scholar search engines, in order to obtain other potential relevant studies. Reference lists of relevant published studies will also be examined to obtain additional eligible reports. Additionally, emails will be sent to the research groups that have published the most about SDU, with the aim of identifying unpublished studies.

Material Scarcity and Unethical Economic Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Individuals around the globe experience different forms of material resource scarcity in terms of aspects such as hunger, thirst, or financial strains. As experiences of material scarcity have been found to make individuals more risk-taking, impulsive, and focused on regaining resources in the short-term, a growing body of research has investigated how such scarcity affects moral economic behavior. Yet, findings remain mixed and at times contradictory, thus calling for a systematic meta-analytical review on this overarching topic. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively how material resource scarcity affects moral economic behavior. We analyze a comprehensive dataset including 44 published and unpublished studies comprising a total of 6,921 respondents across four distinct types of material scarcity: financial scarcity, physiological scarcity, scarcity reminders, and lower social class. Our findings show that acute scarcity significantly increases the propensity to engage in unethical economic behavior (gfinancial = .24, gphysiological = .39, greminders = .32). Importantly, we find no evidence that chronic experiences of scarcity in the form of low social class affect unethical economic behavior (gsocial class = .02). These results appear robust to the influence of publication bias and contextual sensitivity. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the psychological and moral consequences of scarcity and elaborate on implications for public policy.

Documentation, process and implementation of advance care planning in the pediatric population: A scoping review protocol

Objective: To explore the literature surrounding pediatric ACP process, documenting and implementing the documentation processes in hopes to inform and support content experts in the creation of a pediatric provincial document for ACP.Introduction: The number of children with serious illness/medical complexity in this province who require ACP and documentation of medical intervention is estimated to be >500 or possibly more. An ongoing data analysis suggests that the number may exceed 1,000 children, greater than the number of children and families consulted to the CPCH program. Currently there is no provincial document for pediatric patients such as the BC Medical Orders for Scope of Treatment form (MOST) as there is in adult care.Inclusion criteria: The review will include studies that focus on documentation, process or implementation in pediatric advance care planning. Child refers to prenatal, neonate, child and youth population (0-19 years), but may also extend into young adulthood in some contexts. These children are defined as at-risk for sudden death and/or expected death prior to reaching adulthood.Methods: We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar, as well as sources of unpublished studies and grey literature. Identified studies will be screened against the eligibility criteria. This review will only consider studies published in English and no date limits will be placed on the search. Relevant data will be extracted from eligible studies and the extracted data will presented in narrative and tabular/charted formats.

A qualitative conceptual framework to tackle skill shortages in offsite construction industry: a scientometric approach

PurposeThis study assessed the key construction technology trends and tracked the impact of these developments on labor influencing factors in an effort to alleviate the limitations posed by skilled labor scarcity in offsite construction (OSC).Design/methodology/approachThe study followed systematic literature review to acquisition initial data sets. The data retrieved form identified databases was then subjected to scientometric analysis. In next stage, disruptive factors were identified to produce a conceptual framework followed by its practical application for an OSC firm.FindingsThis study identified seven construction technologies with a potential to disrupt OSC in future. The study also developed a conceptual framework as a benchmark to help establish further frameworks for policy interns in OSC.Research limitations/implicationsThe review conducted only takes into account the literature from 2009 to March 2021. Any prior to the date and unpublished studies were not included in study.Practical implicationsA proper utilization of conceptual framework can contribute to technological adoption significantly lowering the need of labor in OSC industry. Moreover, the established discussion on understanding the purpose of deploying latest technology may reduce additional costs, management, time and allocation of labor resources.Social implicationsThis study provides a mechanism to intern OSC policymakers to impartially incorporate the latest technology in OSC.Originality/valueThis study fulfilled an identified need to study latest technological trends in OSC by utilizing bibliometric tools with SLR. The disruptive categories and factors highlighted by the study were not identified in a systematic manner in previous studies, which could further enhance the implementation of latest construction technology in OSC.

Inclusion in Early Childhood Development Settings: A Reality or an Oasis

Inclusive education within the Early Childhood Development settings has been identified as the most equitable practice for children with disabilities and is based on acknowledging it as a fundamental human right and a foundation for life-long learning for all children. Based on the concept of human rights, inclusion has been viewed as an ambiguous and imaginable consequence of excessive promise, which does not refer to early childhood; hence, practitioners have challenges in its applicability. This chapter aims to unravel the mysteries behind inclusion in early childhood, exploring the realities of what works and what does not work to inform policy making mechanism. Literature from renowned published work that focuses extensively on various countries across continents is reviewed. Local recently published and unpublished studies that scrutinise the association between practitioner qualification and quality of the ECD centres; those that have explored the success and challenges of inclusion in ECD will be examined. It is envisaged that this chapter would come up with best practices in the implementation and assessment of inclusive education in the ECD settings that will benefit children with disabilities, their parents or caregivers, and stakeholders.

Material Scarcity and Unethical Economic Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Individuals around the globe experience different forms of material resource scarcity in terms of aspects such as hunger, thirst, or financial strains. As experiences of material scarcity have been found to make individuals more risk-taking, impulsive, and focused on regaining resources in the short-term, a growing body of research has investigated how such scarcity affects moral economic behavior. Yet, findings remain mixed and at times contradictory, thus calling for a systematic meta-analytical review on this overarching topic. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively how material resource scarcity affects moral economic behavior. We analyze a comprehensive dataset including 44 published and unpublished studies comprising a total of 6,921 respondents across four distinct types of material scarcity: financial scarcity, physiological scarcity, scarcity reminders, and lower social class. Our findings show that acute scarcity significantly increases the propensity to engage in unethical economic behavior (gfinancial = .24, gphysiological = .39, greminders = .32). Importantly, we find no evidence that chronic experiences of scarcity in the form of low social class affect unethical economic behavior (gsocial class = .02). These results appear robust to the influence of publication bias and contextual sensitivity. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the psychological and moral consequences of scarcity and elaborate on implications for public policy.

Efficacy and safety of diuretics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a scoping review

ObjectiveDiuretics reduce congestion in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, comparison of clinical effects across diuretic classes or combinations of diuretics in patients with HFpEF are not well described. Therefore, we sought to conduct a scoping review to map trial data of diuretic efficacy and safety in patients with HFpEF.Review methods and resultsWe searched multiple bibliometric databases for published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov, and hand searched unpublished studies comparing different classes of diuretics to usual care or placebo in patients with HFpEF. We included randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. Two authors independently screened and extracted key data using a structured form. We identified 13 published studies on diuretics in HFpEF, with 1 evaluating thiazide use, 7 on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and 5 on sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). There remain 17 ongoing trials evaluating loop diuretics (n=1), MRAs (n=5), SGLT2i (n=10) and a polydiuretic (n=1), including 2 well-powered trials of SGLT2i that will be completed in 2021.ConclusionsThe limited number of published trials evaluating different classes of diuretics in patients with HFpEF have been generally small and short term. Ongoing and emerging trials of single or combination diuretics with greater power will be useful to better define their safety and efficacy.Scoping review registrationdoi:10.18131/g3-dejv-tm77.

The Relationship Between Self-Silencing and Depression: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Over time, several studies have provided knowledge about the relationship between self-silencing and depression. However, even if there is a tendency to obtain positive correlations, results ranging from null to large effects are rather variable, and until now no meta-analysis exists of these results, to our knowledge. Under these circumstances, the purpose of the present study is to quantitatively integrate existing results refecting the relationship between self-silencing and depression and to explore potential moderators of this relationship, in regards to conceptual aspects and characteristics of the samples. Methods: Our meta-analysis incorporates 31 published and 11 unpublished studies (with a total of 10,108 participants and 131 effect sizes), written in English, which statistically quantify the link between self-silencing and depression. For the analysis of the overall effect, specific meta-analytical procedures were used for heterogeneity, publication bias, and potential moderators. Results: There is an overall significant positive and medium correlation between self-silencing and depression (r = 0.391, p < 0.001). The heterogeneity of the results is partially explained by components of self-silencing, measured in each study and certain features of the samples such as age, sexual orientation, and level of education. Discussion: For researchers on this topic, our results offer a more precise input for computing sample sizes and also generate expectations of results as a function of specific methodological features. For practitioners, our results suggest the importance of approaching components of self-silence in counseling and therapy (with increased attention towards the externalized self-perception and the divided self) as mechanisms in depression (especially for younger and highly educated clients, and for non-heterosexuals).