scholarly journals Do ethnic inequalities in multimorbidity reflect ethnic differences in socioeconomic status? The HELIUS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J G M Verest ◽  
Henrike Galenkamp ◽  
Bea Spek ◽  
Marieke B Snijder ◽  
Karien Stronks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Simultaneous Adjustment ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Background The burden of multimorbidity is likely higher in ethnic minority populations, as most individual diseases are more prevalent in minority groups. However, information is scarce. We examined ethnic inequalities in multimorbidity, and investigated to what extent they reflect differences in socioeconomic status (SES). Methods We included Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study participants of Dutch (N = 4582), South-Asian Surinamese (N = 3258), African Surinamese (N = 4267), Ghanaian (N = 2282), Turkish (N = 3879) and Moroccan (N = 4094) origin (aged 18–70 years). Educational level, employment status, income situation and multimorbidity were defined based on questionnaires. We described the prevalence and examined age-adjusted ethnic inequalities in multimorbidity with logistic regression analyses. To assess the contribution of SES, we added SES indicators to the age-adjusted model. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity ranged from 27.1 to 53.4% in men and from 38.5 to 69.6% in women. The prevalence of multimorbidity in most ethnic minority groups was comparable to the prevalence among Dutch participants who were 1–3 decades older. After adjustment for SES, the odds of multimorbidity remained significantly higher in ethnic minority groups. For instance, age-adjusted OR for multimorbidity for the Turkish compared to the Dutch changed from 4.43 (3.84–5.13) to 2.34 (1.99–2.75) in men and from 5.35 (4.69–6.10) to 2.94 (2.54–3.41) in women after simultaneous adjustment for all SES indicators. Conclusions We found a significantly higher prevalence of multimorbidity in ethnic minority men and women compared to Dutch, and results pointed to an earlier onset of multimorbidity in ethnic minority groups. These inequalities in multimorbidity were not fully accounted for by differences in SES.

scholarly journals Socio-spatial factors associated with ethnic inequalities in districts of England and Wales, 2001–2011

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2540-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Lymperopoulou ◽  
Nissa Finney
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Area Classification

This paper explores the changing geography of ethnic inequality in England and Wales drawing on data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Specifically, we use the 2011 Office for National Statistics (ONS) area classification to examine how ethnic inequalities within local areas with different demographic and socio-economic characteristics have changed over time. Local ethnic inequalities are examined through a set of indicators which capture differences in housing, health, employment and education between ethnic minority groups and the White British in local authority districts in England and Wales. The results suggest that ethnic inequalities are widespread and persistent, and highlight the different ways in which inequalities manifest for particular ethnic groups in different localities. Ethnic inequality in housing and employment is severe for most ethnic minority groups, particularly in large urban areas that have been traditional settlement areas for ethnic minorities. However, inequalities increased most over the decade 2001–2011 in rural and coastal areas that have low ethnic diversity levels and small ethnic minority populations. The paper considers these findings in relation to theories of service provision and racism, ethnic density, and immigrant adaptation.

scholarly journals Post-COVID-19 paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome: association of ethnicity, key worker and socioeconomic status with risk and severity

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320388
Author(s):  
Jonathan Broad ◽  
Julia Forman ◽  
James Brighouse ◽  
Adebola Sobande ◽  
Alysha McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Evaluation Team ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Key Worker

ObjectivesPatients from ethnic minority groups and key workers are over-represented among adults hospitalised or dying from COVID-19. In this population-based retrospective cohort, we describe the association of ethnicity, socioeconomic and family key worker status with incidence and severity of Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS).SettingEvelina London Children’s Hospital (ELCH), the tertiary paediatric hospital for the South Thames Retrieval Service (STRS) region.Participants70 children with PIMS-TS admitted 14 February 2020–2 June 2020.Outcome measuresIncidence and crude ORs are presented, comparing ethnicity and socioeconomic status of our cohort and the catchment population, using census data and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). Regression is used to estimate the association of ethnicity and IMD with admission duration and requirement for intensive care, inotropes and ventilation.ResultsIncidence was significantly higher in children from black (25.0 cases per 100 000 population), Asian (6.4/100 000) and other (17.8/100 000) ethnic groups, compared with 1.6/100 000 in white ethnic groups (ORs 15.7, 4.0 and 11.2, respectively). Incidence was higher in the three most deprived quintiles compared with the least deprived quintile (eg, 8.1/100 000 in quintile 1 vs 1.6/100 000 in quintile 5, OR 5.2). Proportions of families with key workers (50%) exceeded catchment proportions. Admission length of stay was 38% longer in children from black ethnic groups than white (95% CI 4% to 82%; median 8 days vs 6 days). 9/10 children requiring ventilation were from black ethnic groups.ConclusionsChildren in ethnic minority groups, living in more deprived areas and in key worker families are over-represented. Children in black ethnic groups had longer admissions; ethnicity may be associated with ventilation requirement.This project was registered with the ELCH audit and service evaluation team, ref. no 11186.

scholarly journals Strengthening Strategies to Recruit Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations for Health Research Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 631-632
Author(s):  
Roy Thompson ◽  
Thomas Konrad ◽  
Hanzhang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract With the current spotlight on systemic racism and the need to address health inequities, it is critical to develop culturally appropriate strategies for recruiting research study participants from racial/ethnic minority groups. Empirical studies have highlighted that people from racial/ethnic minority groups have poorer health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic Caucasians. However, racial/ethnic minority groups remain underrepresented in healthcare research. Several factors may contribute to the lower participation of racial/ethnic minority groups. Sequelae of atrocities in healthcare research on African American/Black people in the US during slavery and Jim Crow eras were widespread and persistent. Discrimination against people of Hispanic descent and increased anti-Asian discrimination have also been documented. Fear and mistrust of the health system and researchers have been identified as critical barriers to participation in clinical research for these populations. Further, health research teams rarely reflect the racial/ethnic diversity of the US population, hindering diversity in recruiting study participants. Inadequate ethnic/racial minority groups participation in study populations not only weakens external validity of empirical studies, but research interventions and policies being implemented may not be culturally appropriate to all populations. Therefore, systemic strategies to improve recruitment of racial/ethnic minority groups should: 1) increase preferential funding to incentivize research teams becoming more racially/ethnically diverse; 2) increase recruitment of racial/ethnically diverse healthcare researchers; 3) use community-based participatory research designs to build trust among racial/ethnic minority populations; 4) provide training on culturally appropriate research study recruitment strategies to the academic communities; 5) apply a prism of intersectionality for representation throughout the research cycle.

Gene-environment Interaction on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Ethnic Minority Populations Living in Europe and North America: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Zafarmand ◽  
Parvin Tajik ◽  
René Spijker ◽  
Charles Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

Background: The body of evidence on gene-environment interaction (GEI) related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) has grown in the recent years. However, most studies on GEI have sought to explain variation within individuals of European ancestry and results among ethnic minority groups are inconclusive. Objective: To investigate any interaction between a gene and an environmental factor in relation to T2D among ethnic minority groups living in Europe and North America. Methods: We systematically searched Medline and EMBASE databases for the published literature in English up to 25th March 2019. The screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by reviewers independently. Results: 1068 studies identified through our search, of which nine cohorts of six studies evaluating several different GEIs were included. The mean follow-up time in the included studies ranged from 5 to 25.7 years. Most studies were relatively small scale and few provided replication data. All studies included in the review included ethnic minorities from North America (Native-Americans, African- Americans, and Aboriginal Canadian), none of the studies in Europe assessed GEI in relation to T2D incident in ethnic minorities. The only significant GEI among ethnic minorities was HNF1A rs137853240 and smoking on T2D incident among Native-Canadians (Pinteraction = 0.006). Conclusion: There is a need for more studies on GEI among ethnicities, broadening the spectrum of ethnic minority groups being investigated, performing more discovery using genome-wide approaches, larger sample sizes for these studies by collaborating efforts such as the InterConnect approach, and developing a more standardized method of reporting GEI studies are discussed.

Exploring the Frontier of Chinese Ethnic Minority Education: An Interview With Prof. Xing Teng

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780042110146
Author(s):  
Xing Teng ◽  
Ping-Chun Hsiung
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Education ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Educational Anthropology ◽  
Education In China ◽  
Ethnic Minority Education

Xing Teng has spearheaded ethnic minority education and educational anthropology in China. As a member of the Han majority and an ally to ethnic minority groups, he has endeavored to open space for ethnic minority education in China. I sat down with Professor Teng in the summer of 2018. After transcribing the original interview into Chinese and in consultation with Professor Teng, four segments from the interview are translated for this Special Issue, with added footnotes. Statements are also included in the text for clarity. The final version has been lightly edited and condensed for length and clarity.

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