Human papillomavirus infections and cervical cancer screening in Tunisian women
Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a significant public health problem with global estimations over 520 000 new cases and 274 000 deaths due to cervical cancer. In Tunisia, cervical cancer is the third cause of cancer in women but only a few prevalence studies conducted in specific populations are available. The present study aims to estimate the national prevalence of HPV infection and cervical cancer testing among Tunisian women. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 2014. We included all sexually active women aged 18 years and older, present in primary health care centers the day of the study. Data collection was based on a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic data, high-risk behaviors and previous cervical screening. HPV detection and typing was only done for betaglobin positive PCR-test. Ethical considerations were respected. Results The total number of surveyed women was 1494 and the overall prevalence of HPV infection was 7.5% IC95% [5.9%-9.0%]. The most common genotypes were HPV6 (21.9%) and HPV16 (11.5%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV was higher than low-risk HPV; 4.8% IC95% [3.7%-6.2%] and 3.8% IC95% [2.8%-4.8%] respectively. The prevalence of previous cervical screening was 36.6% (95% CI [34.3%-39.2%]). This rate was significantly associated with age (p < 10-3); from 13.9% among those <30 years to 49.3% among those ≥ 50 years. Conclusions Our survey provides an important overview of the current situation of HPV infection among Tunisian women. National prevalence of HPV infection was 7.5% but only 36.6% of women had a previous cervical cancer screening. This coverage remains poor, thus the need of targeted education and encouraging strategies to reduce cervical cancer burden in Tunisia. Key messages National prevalence of HPV infection is not negligeable in Tunisia, especially high risk HPV infections. Cervical screening is still low among Tunisian women, hence the need for education targeted to this population.