scholarly journals Soil microbial diversity in adjacent forest systems – contrasting native, old growth kauri (Agathis australis) forest with exotic pine (Pinus radiata) plantation forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa-Kate Byers ◽  
Leo Condron ◽  
Tom Donavan ◽  
Maureen O'Callaghan ◽  
Taoho Patuawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT Globally, the conversion of primary forests to plantations and agricultural landscapes is a common land use change. Kauri (Agathis australis) is one of the most heavily impacted indigenous tree species of New Zealand with <1% of primary forest remaining as fragments adjacent to pastoral farming and exotic forest plantations. By contrasting two forest systems, we investigated if the fragmentation of kauri forests and introduction of pine plantations (Pinus radiata) are significantly impacting the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities across Waipoua kauri forest, New Zealand. Using next generation based 16S rRNA and ITS gene region sequencing, we identified that fungal and bacterial community composition significantly differed between kauri and pine forest soils. However, fungal communities displayed the largest differences in diversity and composition. This research revealed significant shifts in the soil microbial communities surrounding remnant kauri fragments, including the loss of microbial taxa with functions in disease suppression and plant health. Kauri dieback disease, caused by Phytophthora agathidicida, currently threatens the kauri forest ecosystem. Results from this research highlight the need for further investigations into how changes to soil microbial diversity surrounding remnant kauri fragments impact tree health and disease expression.

scholarly journals Erosion reduces soil microbial diversity, network complexity and multifunctionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Qiu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Hansong Zhu ◽  
Peter B. Reich ◽  
Samiran Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile soil erosion drives land degradation, the impact of erosion on soil microbial communities and multiple soil functions remains unclear. This hinders our ability to assess the true impact of erosion on soil ecosystem services and our ability to restore eroded environments. Here we examined the effect of erosion on microbial communities at two sites with contrasting soil texture and climates. Eroded plots had lower microbial network complexity, fewer microbial taxa, and fewer associations among microbial taxa, relative to non-eroded plots. Soil erosion also shifted microbial community composition, with decreased relative abundances of dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes. In contrast, erosion led to an increase in the relative abundances of some bacterial families involved in N cycling, such as Acetobacteraceae and Beijerinckiaceae. Changes in microbiota characteristics were strongly related with erosion-induced changes in soil multifunctionality. Together, these results demonstrate that soil erosion has a significant negative impact on soil microbial diversity and functionality.

scholarly journals Diversity and asynchrony in soil microbial communities stabilizes ecosystem functioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Wagg ◽  
Yann Hautier ◽  
Sarah Pellkofer ◽  
Samiran Banerjee ◽  
Bernhard Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractTheoretical and empirical advances have revealed the importance of biodiversity for stabilizing ecosystem functions through time. Yet despite the global degradation of soils, how the loss of soil microbial diversity can de-stabilizes ecosystem functioning is unknown. Here we experimentally quantified the contribution diversity and the temporal dynamics in the composition of soil microbial communities to the temporal stability of four key ecosystem functions related to nutrient and carbon cycling. Soil microbial diversity loss reduced the temporal stability of all ecosystem functions and was particularly strong when over 50% of microbial taxa were lost. The stabilizing effect of soil biodiversity was linked to asynchrony among microbial taxa whereby different soil fungi and bacteria were associated with different ecosystem functions at different times. Our results emphasize the need to conserve soil biodiversity in order to ensure the reliable provisioning of multiple ecosystems functions that soils provide to society.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Disinfestation on Fungal and Bacterial Communities in Soil With Cucumber Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yujie Jin ◽  
Ping Han ◽  
Jianjun Hao ◽  
Hongyu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Difference

Soil treatment with disinfectants has been used for controlling soilborne phytopathogens. Besides suppressing specific pathogens, how these disinfectants impact soil health, especially soil microbial communities, is yet to be systemically determined. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of three representative disinfectants, including the dazomet fumigant, fenaminosulf fungicide, and kasugamycin antibiotic on chemical properties, enzymatic activities, and microbial communities in soil for cucumber cultivation. Results showed that 14 days after soil treatment with these chemicals, residual content of dazomet and kasugamycin quickly declined in soil and were undetectable, while fenaminosulf residues were found at 0.48 ± 0.01 mg/kg. Total nitrogen and total carbon increased in soil after dazomet treatment. Urease and sucrase activities were significantly restrained after disinfectant application. The disinfectants did not significantly change the taxon of predominant bacteria and fungi but altered the relative abundance and diversity of soil microbiome, as well as microbial interspecific relationships. Moreover, cucumber cultivation enhanced the overall soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activities, which diminished the difference of soil microbiome among four treatments. The difference in soil microbial diversity among the four treatments became smaller after planting cucumber. Thus, soil microbial communities were affected by soil disinfectants and gradually recovered by cucumber application.

scholarly journals The Responses of Soil Microbial to Changed Rainfall and Increased Temperature in Desert Grassland in Northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ying-Zhong Xie ◽  
Hong-Bin Ma ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Le Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract Background: The study evaluates how rainfall change and temperature increase affect microbial communities in the desert grassland of Ningxia Autonomous Region, China to explore the soil microbial community and the relationships among the soil microbial community, chemical properties, soil respiration (SR) and plant biomass under the climate change. We established the field experiment with five levels of rainfall by rainout shelters and two levels of temperature by Open-Top Chamber (OTC). Results: The effect of temperature to soil microbial communities is not significant, but with the continuous increase of rainfall, the microbial community gradually increases. Soil microbial diversity negatively correlated with soil CO2 flux. The α-diversity of microbial communities positively correlated with above-living biomass (ALB) and soil temperature (ST), but negatively correlated with root biomass (RB). Conclusions: Both rainfall and temperature’s rising do not promote the soil community α-diversity, but it can promote soil microbial community β-diversity. Soil microbial communities show resistance to rainfall changing. Soil respiration (SR) will limit soil microbial diversity. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), and soil total phosphorus (STP) will promote soil microbial abundance and diversity. ALB and ST will promote the soil α-diversity, but the effect of RB to soil microbial is opposite. These findings maybe provide a reliable theoretical basis for formulating a reasonable response strategy in desert steppe ecosystems.

scholarly journals Do Bioinoculants Affect Resident Microbial Communities? A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Cornell ◽  
Vasilis Kokkoris ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Christina Horst ◽  
Daniel Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

There is a global industry built upon the production of “bioinoculants,” which include both bacteria and fungi. The recent increase in bioinoculant uptake by land users coincides with a drive for more sustainable land use practices. But are bioinoculants sustainable? These microbes are believed to improve plant performance, but knowledge of their effect on resident microbial communities is scant. Without a clear understanding of how they affect soil microbial communities (SMC), their utility is unclear. To assess how different inoculation practices may affect bioinoculant effects on SMC, we surveyed the existing literature. Our results show that bioinoculants significantly affect soil microbial diversity and that these effects are mediated by inoculant type, diversity, and disturbance regime. Further, these changes to soil microbes affect plant outcomes. Knowledge that these products may influence crop performance indirectly through changes to soil microbial diversity attests to the importance of considering the soil microbiome when assessing both bioinoculant efficacy and threats to soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Morel Production Related to Soil Microbial Diversity and Evenness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Tan ◽  
Tianhai Liu ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growth Promoting

Saprotrophic mushrooms cultivated in soils are subject to complex influences from soil microbial communities. Research on growing edible mushrooms has revealed connections between fungi and a few species of growth-promoting bacteria colonizing the mycosphere.

scholarly journals Improvement of Soil Microbial Diversity through Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Its Evaluation by -Omics Approaches: A Perspective for the Environment, Food Quality and Human Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Marta Bertola ◽  
Andrea Ferrarini ◽  
Giovanna Visioli
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Soil is one of the key elements for supporting life on Earth. It delivers multiple ecosystem services, which are provided by soil processes and functions performed by soil biodiversity. In particular, soil microbiome is one of the fundamental components in the sustainment of plant biomass production and plant health. Both targeted and untargeted management of soil microbial communities appear to be promising in the sustainable improvement of food crop yield, its nutritional quality and safety. –Omics approaches, which allow the assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity and functional information, have increasingly been used in recent years to study changes in soil microbial diversity caused by agronomic practices and environmental factors. The application of these high-throughput technologies to the study of soil microbial diversity, plant health and the quality of derived raw materials will help strengthen the link between soil well-being, food quality, food safety and human health.

scholarly journals Soil microbial diversity–biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Bastida ◽  
David J. Eldridge ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
G. Kenny Png ◽  
Richard D. Bardgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biomass Ratio

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and biomass has been a long standing debate in ecology. Soil biodiversity and biomass are essential drivers of ecosystem functions. However, unlike plant communities, little is known about how the diversity and biomass of soil microbial communities are interlinked across globally distributed biomes, and how variations in this relationship influence ecosystem function. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a field survey across global biomes, with contrasting vegetation and climate types. We show that soil carbon (C) content is associated to the microbial diversity–biomass relationship and ratio in soils across global biomes. This ratio provides an integrative index to identify those locations on Earth wherein diversity is much higher compared with biomass and vice versa. The soil microbial diversity-to-biomass ratio peaks in arid environments with low C content, and is very low in C-rich cold environments. Our study further advances that the reductions in soil C content associated with land use intensification and climate change could cause dramatic shifts in the microbial diversity-biomass ratio, with potential consequences for broad soil processes.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MIKROBA TANAH DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

el–Hayah ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prihastuti Prihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Soils are made up of organic and an organic material. The organic soil component contains all the living creatures in the soil and the dead ones in various stages of decomposition.  Biological activity in soil helps to recycle nutrients, decompose organic matter making nutrient available for plant uptake, stabilize humus, and form soil particles.<br />The extent of the diversity of microbial in soil is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality, as a wide range of microbial is involved in important soil functions.  That ecologically managed soils have a greater quantity and diversity of soil microbial. The two main drivers of soil microbial community structure, i.e., plant type and soil type, are thought to exert their function in a complex manner. The fact that in some situations the soil and in others the plant type is the key factor determining soil microbial diversity is related to their complexity of the microbial interactions in soil, including interactions between microbial and soil and microbial and plants. <br />The basic premise of organic soil stewardship is that all plant nutrients are present in the soil by maintaining a biologically active soil environment. The diversity of microbial communities has on ecological function and resilience to disturbances in soil ecosystems. Relationships are often observed between the extent of microbial diversity in soil, soil and plant quality and ecosystem sustainability. Agricultural management can be directed toward maximizing the quality of the soil microbial community in terms of disease suppression, if it is possible to shift soil microbial communities.</p><p>Keywords: structure, microbial, implication, sustainable agriculture<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Landfill Lysimeter Soil of Ghazipur Landfill Site, New Delhi, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhi Gupta ◽  
Rashmi Rathour ◽  
Madan Kumar ◽  
Indu Shekhar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

ABSTRACT We report the soil microbial diversity and functional aspects related to degradation of recalcitrant compounds, determined using a metagenomic approach, in a landfill lysimeter prepared with soil from Ghazipur landfill site, New Delhi, India. Metagenomic analysis revealed the presence and functional diversity of complex microbial communities responsible for waste degradation.

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