The Responses of Soil Microbial to Changed Rainfall and Increased Temperature in Desert Grassland in Northern China

Abstract Background: The study evaluates how rainfall change and temperature increase affect microbial communities in the desert grassland of Ningxia Autonomous Region, China to explore the soil microbial community and the relationships among the soil microbial community, chemical properties, soil respiration (SR) and plant biomass under the climate change. We established the field experiment with five levels of rainfall by rainout shelters and two levels of temperature by Open-Top Chamber (OTC). Results: The effect of temperature to soil microbial communities is not significant, but with the continuous increase of rainfall, the microbial community gradually increases. Soil microbial diversity negatively correlated with soil CO2 flux. The α-diversity of microbial communities positively correlated with above-living biomass (ALB) and soil temperature (ST), but negatively correlated with root biomass (RB). Conclusions: Both rainfall and temperature’s rising do not promote the soil community α-diversity, but it can promote soil microbial community β-diversity. Soil microbial communities show resistance to rainfall changing. Soil respiration (SR) will limit soil microbial diversity. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), and soil total phosphorus (STP) will promote soil microbial abundance and diversity. ALB and ST will promote the soil α-diversity, but the effect of RB to soil microbial is opposite. These findings maybe provide a reliable theoretical basis for formulating a reasonable response strategy in desert steppe ecosystems.

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STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MIKROBA TANAH DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v1i4.1785 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Prihastuti Prihastuti

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Plant Type ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Wide Range

Soils are made up of organic and an organic material. The organic soil component contains all the living creatures in the soil and the dead ones in various stages of decomposition. Biological activity in soil helps to recycle nutrients, decompose organic matter making nutrient available for plant uptake, stabilize humus, and form soil particles. The extent of the diversity of microbial in soil is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality, as a wide range of microbial is involved in important soil functions. That ecologically managed soils have a greater quantity and diversity of soil microbial. The two main drivers of soil microbial community structure, i.e., plant type and soil type, are thought to exert their function in a complex manner. The fact that in some situations the soil and in others the plant type is the key factor determining soil microbial diversity is related to their complexity of the microbial interactions in soil, including interactions between microbial and soil and microbial and plants. The basic premise of organic soil stewardship is that all plant nutrients are present in the soil by maintaining a biologically active soil environment. The diversity of microbial communities has on ecological function and resilience to disturbances in soil ecosystems. Relationships are often observed between the extent of microbial diversity in soil, soil and plant quality and ecosystem sustainability. Agricultural management can be directed toward maximizing the quality of the soil microbial community in terms of disease suppression, if it is possible to shift soil microbial communities.Keywords: structure, microbial, implication, sustainable agriculture

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Microbial Structure and Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil under Different Forest Types in the Subtropical Zone of China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-681366/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liuting Zhou ◽

Jianjuan Li ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

Xinlai Guo ◽

Wei Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Forest Types ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Subtropical Zone ◽

Soil Microbial

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the soil microbial variability within different forest ecosystems (evergreen broad-leaf forest (EBF), coniferous forest (CF), subalpine dwarf forest (SDF) and alpine meadow (AM) at different altitudes in mid-subtropics of China. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method was used to analyze the microbial communities in rhizosphere soil under different forest types. The relationships were also analyzed between the microbial diversity and soil nutrients. A total of 27 PLFA biomarkers were detected and the PLFA concentrations decreased in the sequence of bacteria > fungus > actinomycete > protozoa in all forest types. The microbial communities in the soil under all forest types were distinct. The predominant microflora in all soils were 18:1ω9c, 16:1ω7c, cy19:0, a17:0 and 18:0. The indexes of Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Brillouin of soil microbial community diversity in these four forest types all showed a trend of EBF > CF > SDF > AM. According to principal component analyses (PCA), the variable variances of principal components 1 and 2, which were related to the PLFA biomarkers of soil microorganisms, were 67.67% and 17.91%, respectively. Furthermore, the total PLFAs of different soil microbial groups showed a correlation with soil nutrients and enzyme activities in all forest types. The soil microbial diversity gradually decreased in the order of EBF > CF > SDF > AM in the Daiyun Mountains. Different vegetation types affect soil microbial community composition and diversity by changing the soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity.

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Crop Rotation With Cress Increases Cucumber Yields by Regulating the Composition of the Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.631882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoya Gong ◽

Jibo Shi ◽

Xingang Zhou ◽

Tao Yuan ◽

Danmei Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Management Practice ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

And Control

Paddy-upland rotation is an effective agricultural management practice for alleviating soil sickness. However, the effect of varying degrees of flooding on the soil microbial community and crop performance remains unclear. We conducted a pot experiment to determine the effects of two soil water content (SWC) and two flooding durations on the soil microbial community attributes and yield in cucumber. In the pot experiment, cucumber was rotated with cress single (45 days) or double (90 days) under 100 or 80% SWC. Then, the soil microbial were inoculated into sterilized soil to verified the relationship between cucumber growth and microorganisms. The results indicated single cress rotation resulted in a higher cucumber yield than double cress rotation and control. Cress rotation under 80% SWC had higher soil microbial diversity than cress rotation under 100% SWC and control. Flooding duration and SWC led to differences in the structure of soil microbial communities. Under 80% SWC, single cress rotation increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microorganisms, including Roseiflexus and Pseudallescheria spp., in cucumber rhizosphere. Under 100% SWC, single cress rotation increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Haliangium spp., and decreased potential pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium and Monographella spp., compared with double cress rotation and control. Varying degrees of flooding were causing the difference in diversity, structure and composition of soil microbial communities in the cucumber rhizosphere, which have a positive effect on cucumber growth and development.

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Soil Microbial Communities Altered by Titanium Ions in Different Agroecosystems of Pitaya and Grape

10.21203/rs.3.rs-327216/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan He ◽

Xinrong Ma ◽

Xin-Yi Hou ◽

Cai-Xia Li ◽

Yan Wang

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbiota ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Titanium ions can significantly promote plant growth, but it is unclear whether the application of titanium ions to plants has any effect on the soil microbial community. In this study, we conducted field surveys to determine the effect of titanium ions on soil microbial communities of the pitaya and grape plantations in Panxi area by performing full-length 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing using PacBio Sequel. The results showed that the application of titanium ions significantly altered the composition and structure of soil microbiota. Root irrigation with titanium ions in pitaya garden, the diversity of soil fungi was significantly reduced. Although there was no statistically significant difference, bacterial diversity also declined. While, the foliar spray of titanium ions on grapes greatly reduced the soil microbial diversity. Moreover, the soil microbiota had a core of conserved taxa, and their relative abundances were significantly altered by titanium ions. Moreover, titanium ions enhanced the cooccurrence relationships and probably improved the stability of the soil microbial community. Our results highlight the different responses of bacterial and fungal communities to titanium ions and sites and provides a basis for the application of titanium ions in plant farming.

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Adaptation to chronic drought modifies soil microbial community responses to phytohormones

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02037-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emma J. Sayer ◽

John A. Crawford ◽

James Edgerley ◽

Andrew P. Askew ◽

Christoph Z. Hahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Community Responses ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Plant Soil

AbstractDrought imposes stress on plants and associated soil microbes, inducing coordinated adaptive responses, which can involve plant–soil signalling via phytohormones. However, we know little about how microbial communities respond to phytohormones, or how these responses are shaped by chronic (long-term) drought. Here, we added three phytohormones (abscisic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and jasmonic acid) to soils from long-term (25-year), field-based climate treatments to test the hypothesis that chronic drought alters soil microbial community responses to plant stress signalling. Phytohormone addition increased soil respiration, but this effect was stronger in irrigated than in droughted soils and increased soil respiration at low phytohormone concentrations could not be explained by their use as substrate. Thus, we show that drought adaptation within soil microbial communities modifies their responses to phytohormone inputs. Furthermore, distinct phytohormone-induced shifts in microbial functional groups in droughted vs. irrigated soils might suggest that drought-adapted soil microorganisms perceive phytohormones as stress-signals, allowing them to anticipate impending drought.

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Distinct assembly processes and determinants of soil microbial communities between farmland and grassland in arid and semiarid areas

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01010-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aiai Xu ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Zhiying Guo ◽

Changkun Wang ◽

Kai Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Variable Selection ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Environmental Gradient ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Semiarid Areas ◽

Arid And Semiarid Areas ◽

Arid And Semiarid

It is critical to identify the assembly processes and determinants of soil microbial communities to better predict soil microbial responses to environmental change in arid and semiarid areas. Here, soils from 16 grassland-only, 9 paired grassland and farmland, and 16 farmland-only sites were collected across the central Inner Mongolia Plateau covering a steep environmental gradient. Through analyzing the paired samples, we discovered that land uses had strong effects on soil microbial communities, but weak effects on their assembly processes. For all samples, although no environmental variables were significantly correlated with the net relatedness index (NRI), both the nearest taxon index (NTI) and the β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) were most related to mean annual precipitation (MAP). With the increase of MAP, soil microbial taxa at the tips of the phylogenetic tree were more clustered, and the contribution of determinism increased. Determinism (48.6%), especially variable selection (46.3%), and stochasticity (51.4%) were almost equal in farmland, while stochasticity (75.0%) was dominant in grassland. Additionally, Mantel tests and redundancy analyses (RDA) revealed that the main determinants of soil microbial community structure were MAP in grassland, but mean annual temperature (MAT) in farmland. MAP and MAT were also good predictors of the community composition (the top 200 dominant OTUs) in grassland and farmland, respectively. Collectively, in arid and semiarid areas, soil microbial communities were more sensitive to environmental change in farmland than in grassland, and unlike the major impact of MAP on grassland microbial communities, MAT was the primary driver of farmland microbial communities. Importance As one of the most diverse organisms, soil microbes play indispensable roles in many ecological processes in arid and semiarid areas with limited macrofaunal and plant diversity, yet the mechanisms underpinning soil microbial community are not fully understood. In this study, soil microbial communities were investigated along a 500 km transect covering a steep environmental gradient across farmland and grassland in the areas. The results showed that precipitation was the main factor mediating the assembly processes. Determinism was more influential in farmland, and variable selection of farmland was twice that of grassland. Temperature mainly drove farmland microbial communities, while precipitation mainly affected grassland microbial communities. These findings provide new information about the assembly processes and determinants of soil microbial communities in arid and semiarid areas, consequently improving the predictability of the community dynamics, which have implications for sustaining soil microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning, particularly under global climate change conditions.

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Biological H2 and CO oxidation activities are sensitive to compositional change of soil microbial communities

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 263-273

Author(s):

Julien Saavedra-Lavoie ◽

Anne de la Porte ◽

Sarah Piché-Choquette ◽

Claude Guertin ◽

Philippe Constant

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Co Oxidation ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microcosms ◽

Soil Microbial

Trace gas uptake by microorganisms controls the oxidative capacity of the troposphere, but little is known about how this important function is affected by changes in soil microbial diversity. This article bridges that knowledge gap by examining the response of the microbial community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs), carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activities to manipulation of microbial diversity in soil microcosms. Microbial diversity was manipulated by mixing nonsterile and sterile soil with and without the addition of antibiotics. Nonsterile soil without antibiotics was used as a reference. Species composition changed significantly in soil microcosms as a result of dilution and antibiotic treatments, but there was no difference in species richness, according to PCR amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The CLPP was 15% higher in all dilution and antibiotic treatments than in reference microcosms, but the dilution treatment had no effect on CO2 production. Soil microcosms with dilution treatments had 58%–98% less H2 oxidation and 54%–99% lower CO oxidation, relative to reference microcosms, but did not differ among the antibiotic treatments. These results indicate that H2 and CO oxidation activities respond to compositional changes of microbial community in soil.

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Transformation of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Rhizoctonia-Suppressive Potential in Response to Apple Roots

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1999.89.10.920 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 89 (10) ◽

pp. 920-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Mark Mazzola

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Burkholderia Cepacia ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Orchard Soil

Changes in the composition of soil microbial communities and relative disease-suppressive ability of resident microflora in response to apple cultivation were assessed in orchard soils from a site possessing trees established for 1 to 5 years. The fungal community from roots of apple seedlings grown in noncultivated orchard soil was dominated by isolates from genera commonly considered saprophytic. Plant-pathogenic fungi in the genera Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia constituted an increasing proportion of the fungal community isolated from seedling roots with increasing orchard block age. Bacillus megaterium and Burkholderia cepacia dominated the bacterial communities recovered from noncultivated soil and the rhizosphere of apple seedlings grown in orchard soil, respectively. Populations of the two bacteria in their respective habitats declined dramatically with increasing orchard block age. Lesion nematode populations did not differ among soil and root samples from orchard blocks of different ages. Similar changes in microbial communities were observed in response to planting noncultivated orchard soil to five successive cycles of ‘Gala’ apple seedlings. Pasteurization of soil had no effect on apple growth in noncultivated soil but significantly enhanced apple growth in third-year orchard block soil. Seedlings grown in pasteurized soil from the third-year orchard block were equal in size to those grown in noncultivated soil, demonstrating that suppression of plant growth resulted from changes in the composition of the soil microbial community. Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 5 (AG 5) had no effect on growth of apple trees in noncultivated soil but significantly reduced the growth of apple trees in soil from third-year orchard soil. Changes in the ability of the resident soil microflora to suppress R. solani AG 5 were associated with reductions in the relative populations of Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida in the rhizosphere of apple.

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Organic Mulching Can Suppress Litchi Downy Blight Through Modification of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Functional Potentials

10.21203/rs.3.rs-852945/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Xu ◽

Jinfeng Ling ◽

Pinggen Xi ◽

Yani Zeng ◽

Jianfan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Management Practice ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Pests And Diseases

Abstract Organic mulching is an important management practice in agricultural production to improve soil quality, control crop pests and diseases and increase the biodiversity of soil microecosystem. However, the information about soil microbial diversity and composition in litchi plantation response to organic mulching and its attribution to litchi downy blight severity was limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of organic mulching on litchi downy blight, and evaluate the biodiversity and antimicrobial potential of soil microbial community of litchi plantation soils under organic mulching. Our results showed that organic mulching could decrease the disease incidence in the litchi plantation. As a result of high-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS rDNA gene illumine sequencing, higher bacterial and fungal community diversity indexes were found in organic mulching soils, the relative abundance of norank f norank o Vicinamibacterales, norank f Vicinamibacteraceae, norank f Xanthobacteraceae, Unclassified c sordariomycetes, Aspergillus and Thermomyces were significant more than that in control soils. Isolation and analysis of antagonistic microorganism showed that 29 antagonistic bacteria strains and 37 antagonistic fungi strains were unique for mulching soils. Thus, we believe that organic mulching has a positive regulatory effect on the litchi downy blight and the soil microbial communities, and so, is more suitable for litchi plantation.

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Microbial community diversity in the soil of Barrientos Island estimated by RAPD and Biolog Ecoplate methods

Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology ◽

10.36877/pmmb.a0000046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Learn-Han Lee ◽

Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽

Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib ◽

Yoke Kqueen Cheah

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Microbial Community Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Biolog Ecoplate

The diversity of soil microbial communities at Barrientos Island with differents soil characteristics were evaluated using PCR-based method random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of Biolog Ecoplate. The soils were selected from 17 different locations around Barrientos Island inhabited by different breeders. Shannon-Weaver index and multivariate analysis were performed to characterize variations of soil microbial communities. Both RAPD and CLPP methods exhibited that most soils with different type of rookery and characteristics could possibly affect the DNA sequence diversity and soil microbial diversity. The abandoned type of rookery had the highest Shannon-Weaver index as exhibited by soil sample 445 (3.4 for RAPD) and 450 (3.09 for CLPP). Higher coefficients of DNA sequence similarity were found in soil samples colonized by similar breeders, like soil 442 and 446 (both were active Chinstrap rookery) shared highest similarity in DNA sequences (73.53). The cluster analysis of RAPD profiles by UPGMA and principle component analysis (PCA) of Biolog Ecoplate exhibited similar influence of type of rookery and soil condition towards soil microbial community diversity. The results may suggest that the change in microbial community DNA composition is accompanied with the change in microbial functional properties.

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