scholarly journals Physiological limits to life in anoxic subseafloor sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D Orsi ◽  
Bernhard Schink ◽  
Wolfgang Buckel ◽  
William F Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Protein ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Acetoclastic Methanogenesis ◽  
Cell Densities

ABSTRACT In subseafloor sediment, microbial cell densities exponentially decrease with depth into the fermentation zone. Here, we address the classical question of 'why are cells dying faster than they are growing?’ from the standpoint of physiology. The stoichiometries of fermentative ATP production and consumption in the fermentation zone place bounds on the conversion of old cell biomass into new. Most fermentable organic matter in deep subseafloor sediment is amino acids from dead cells because cells are mostly protein by weight. Conversion of carbon from fermented dead cell protein into methanogen protein via hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis occurs at ratios of ∼200:1 and 100:1, respectively, while fermenters can reach conversion ratios approaching 6:1. Amino acid fermentations become thermodynamically more efficient at lower substrate and product concentrations, but the conversion of carbon from dead cell protein into fermenter protein is low because of the high energetic cost of translation. Low carbon conversion factors within subseafloor anaerobic feeding chains account for exponential declines in cellular biomass in the fermentation zone of anoxic sediments. Our analysis points to the existence of a life–death transition zone in which the last biologically catalyzed life processes are replaced with purely chemical reactions no longer coupled to life.

A RESULT-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT THE LOW-CARBON TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY SERVICES MARKETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Valeriy Deshko ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Kovalko ◽  
Oleksandr Novoseltsev ◽  
Maria Yevtukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Organizational Mechanism ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Today, the scope of energy services markets (ESMs) has expanded worldwide and covered almost all areas of production and consumption of goods and services for both industrial and public appointments, as well as households, mainly due to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. At the same time, the incompleteness of theoretically grounded bases significantly reduces the pace of these markets development. The purpose of this study is to present the framework for the determination of directions and construct a model of structural organization and functional interaction of the ESMs participants. Such approach allows, by combining resources, capabilities and information, to expand the scope and improve the efficiency and productivity of energy services. A new structure-function model of ESMs participants’ interaction has been developed. In addition, a new organizational mechanism is proposed to support the efficient functioning of the ESMs in the form of a cycle of continuous improvement of the energy services results. The practical significance of the study is to create a conceptual framework for the organization and functioning of ESMs, which allows to systemically assess the new opportunities for such markets in both developed and developing countries.

Systemic emergence under transitional uncertainty

Kybernetes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1527-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanwar Azam Sunny
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subsystem Level ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
National Model ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Transition Approach

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to set out ideas regarding the use of both first- and second-order cybernetics in reducing global energy-based emissions through energy technology innovation at multiple levels and to discuss necessary production and consumption patterns to facilitate such changes over time. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a conceptual framework to estimate a national model of energy consumption and production, conceived as embedded hypercubes for different actor levels. The author has developed a model that elaborates on a multi-level ecosystem for low-carbon technology adoption and innovation, embedded within a sustainability transition framework. Findings The paper reviews product–process relationships at multiple levels and grounds the framework in a transition approach. With more contextually conceptualized framework grounded in theory, this research aims to inform future development in the topic area, given the embryonic emergence of advanced cybernetic technologies, by viewing such capabilities at the subsystem level as a unit of analysis. Originality/value The paper will be of interest to firm managers, ecologists and policymakers with a particular interest in system sciences. The framework can be applied for facilitating discussions or for scenario planning.

scholarly journals Quantifying intracellular rates of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production and consumption using extracellular flux measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (17) ◽  
pp. 7189-7207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona A. Mookerjee ◽  
Akos A. Gerencser ◽  
David G. Nicholls ◽  
Martin D. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Atp Production ◽  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Flux Measurements

scholarly journals Ca 2+ Effects on ATP Production and Consumption Have Regulatory Roles on Oscillatory Islet Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. McKenna ◽  
Joon Ha ◽  
Matthew J. Merrins ◽  
Leslie S. Satin ◽  
Arthur Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Production ◽  
Production And Consumption

scholarly journals The Complexity of Urban CO2 Emission Network: An Exploration of the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis, China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zuo Zhang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanzhong Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Structural Equivalence ◽  
The Rich

With their focus on human production and consumption activities, cities incur massive energy consumption and CO2 emissions. An intercity connection is a typical complex system in which the interaction between cities is crucial for developing low-carbon outputs within the urban agglomeration. This paper presents the construction of the CO2 emission network of an urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River middle reaches megalopolis, based on the gravity model. Combined with social network analysis (SNA), a multilevel analysis framework is proposed to deal with the complexity, spatiality, and visualization of the CO2 emission network with reference to the network features, structural equivalence, and the rich-club phenomenon. The following results emerged: firstly, the spatial structure of the CO2 emissions was characterized by low robustness and compactness, indicating disunity among the studied cities. Secondly, there was found to be a strong correlation between regionalism and intercity connections, with geographically close cities playing a similar role in the network. Thirdly, the “rich-club” cities, including Wuhan, Changsha, Xiaogan, and Zhuzhou, dominated the connections, covering more than 87.1% of the network in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis.

scholarly journals Stimulating a Canadian narrative for climate

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Potvin ◽  
Divya Sharma ◽  
Irena Creed ◽  
Sally Aitken ◽  
François Anctil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will

This perspective documents current thinking around climate actions in Canada by synthesizing scholarly proposals made by Sustainable Canada Dialogues (SCD), an informal network of scholars from all 10 provinces, and by reviewing responses from civil society representatives to the scholars’ proposals. Motivated by Canada’s recent history of repeatedly missing its emissions reduction targets and failing to produce a coherent plan to address climate change, SCD mobilized more than 60 scholars to identify possible pathways towards a low-carbon economy and sustainable society and invited civil society to comment on the proposed solutions. This perspective illustrates a range of Canadian ideas coming from many sectors of society and a wealth of existing inspiring initiatives. Solutions discussed include climate change governance, low-carbon transition, energy production, and consumption. This process of knowledge synthesis/creation is novel and important because it provides a working model for making connections across academic fields as well as between academia and civil society. The process produces a holistic set of insights and recommendations for climate change actions and a unique model of engagement. The different voices reported here enrich the scope of possible solutions, showing that Canada is brimming with ideas, possibilities, and the will to act.

Mobile Phone Waste and the Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 600-620
Author(s):  
Tim Cooper ◽  
Matthew Shapley ◽  
Christine Cole
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Alternative Approaches

The need to progress toward the circular, low-carbon economies that are necessary for sustainable development demands a substantial reduction in the generation of waste. Although the amount of waste arising from the disposal of mobile phones is relatively insubstantial compared to other waste streams, it is problematic, partly due to the complexity of its composition: mobile phones contain many types of material in small quantities. Like other small electrical and electronic items, they have proven hard to recover and recycle cost-effectively. They are often stored for long periods and eventually discarded as residual waste rather than separated for recycling. Most have unduly short active lifetimes because they have not been designed for longevity and their potential for durability, repair, refurbishment, and reuse is not realized. This chapter discusses issues relating to e-waste from discarded mobile phones and explores the prospect of alternative approaches to their production and consumption, exemplified by the case of Fairphone.

scholarly journals Morphometric characterization of Dinophysis acuminata/D. sacculus complex in Guanabara Bay, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Juan Barrera-Alba ◽  
Fernanda Reinhardt Piedras ◽  
Carla Lucatelli Duarte ◽  
Raquel Neves Tavares Lopes ◽  
Gleyci Aparecida Oliveira Moser
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Dinophysis Acuminata ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

Abstract: Most studies of Dinophysis acuminata in Brazil are for the southern region, where blooms are recurrent. In 2016, the presence of D. acuminata caused the first-ever production and consumption of species of mollusks commercial embargo from the state of Sao Paulo, Southeast Brazil. Potentially toxic species of Dinophysis have been reported in Guanabara Bay (GB) but only occasionally and in low densities. The present note is the first report of a high-density event (~105 cells L-1) of D. acuminata/D. sacculus complex in GB. D. acuminata/D. sacculus complex species were identified using scanning-electron and inverted-light microscopy. Most of the studied cells possessed a dorsally convex hyposomal plate and had dimensions typical of D. acuminata. However, the observed association with warmer and less saline estuarine waters would indicate that the species could be D. sacculus. Whatever the case, based on the high cell densities observed here, we recommend a continued monitoring for Dinophysis presence in GB.

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