Genetic Analysis of Sunflower Domestication

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1257-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Burke ◽  
Shunxue Tang ◽  
Steven J Knapp ◽  
Loren H Rieseberg
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling phenotypic differences between cultivated sunflower and its wild progenitor were investigated in an F3 mapping population. Composite interval mapping revealed the presence of 78 QTL affecting the 18 quantitative traits of interest, with 2–10 QTL per trait. Each QTL explained 3.0–68.0% of the phenotypic variance, although only 4 (corresponding to 3 of 18 traits) had effects >25%. Overall, 51 of the 78 QTL produced phenotypic effects in the expected direction, and for 13 of 18 traits the majority of QTL had the expected effect. Despite being distributed across 15 of the 17 linkage groups, there was a substantial amount of clustering among QTL controlling different traits. In several cases, regions influencing multiple traits harbored QTL with antagonistic effects, producing a cultivar-like phenotype for some traits and a wild-like phenotype for others. On the basis of the directionality of QTL, strong directional selection for increased achene size appears to have played a central role in sunflower domestication. None of the other traits show similar evidence of selection. The occurrence of numerous wild alleles with cultivar-like effects, combined with the lack of major QTL, suggests that sunflower was readily domesticated.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of male courtship behavior differences in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gadau ◽  
C. Pietsch ◽  
S. Gerritsma ◽  
S. Ferber ◽  
L. van de Zande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Male Courtship Behavior

AbstractVery little is known about the genetic basis of behavioral variation in courtship behavior, which can contribute to speciation by prezygotic isolation of closely related species. Here, we analyze the genetic basis and architecture of species differences in the male courtship behavior of two closely related parasitoid wasps Nasonia vitripennis and N. longicornis. Both species occur microsympatrically in parts of their ranges and have been found in the same host pupae. Despite strong postzygotic isolation mechanisms between these two Nasonia species, viable hybrid females can be produced in the laboratory if both species are cured of their Wolbachia endosymbionts. We used haploid F2 hybrid males derived from virgin F1 hybrid females of two independent mapping populations to study the genetic architecture of five quantitative and two qualitative components of their courtship behavior. A total of 14 independent Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) were found in the first mapping population (320 males), which explained 4-25% of the observed phenotypic variance. Ten of these QTL were confirmed by a second independent mapping population (112 males) and no additional ones were found. A genome-wide scan for two-loci interactions revealed many unique but mostly additive interactions explaining an additional proportion of the observed phenotypic variance. Courtship QTL were found on all five chromosomes and four loci were associated with more than one QTL, indicating either possible pleiotropic effects of individual QTL or individual loci contributing to multiple courtship components. Our results indicate that these two evolutionary young species have rapidly evolved multiple significant phenotypic differences in their courtship behavior that have a polygenic and highly interactive genetic architecture. Based on the location of the QTL and the published Nasonia genome sequence we were able to identify a series of candidate genes for further study.

Locating genes associated with Ascochyta fabae resistance in Vicia faba

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Román* ◽  
Z. Satovic* ◽  
C. M. Avila ◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
M. T. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg.,is a disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) of world-wide distribution. Although sources of resistance have been identified, little is known about its genetic basis and gene location. Molecular analyses were carried out using plant tissue from 196 individual F2 plants derived from a cross between susceptible and resistant lines. F2-derived F3 lines were inoculated under controlled growth-chamber conditions and evaluated for disease severity and infection type index. The linkage map was constructed by MAPMAKER V2.0 and the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out using QTL Cartographer. One hundred and twenty-one out of 130 marker loci could be mapped into 16 linkage groups. Nine linkage groups were assigned to specific chromosomes analysing common markers with previous studies that used primary trisomics to establish the chromosomal location of markers/genes. By simple interval mapping (SIM), 2 zones of putative QTL action were detected. Using forward-backward stepwise regression, 4 markers were selected to be used as cofactors in composite interval mapping (CIM). Putative QTLs (Af1 and Af2) were identified on linkage groups VIII (chromosome 3) and IVa (chromosome 2), respectively, and jointly contributed about 46% of the total phenotypic variance. Af1 displayed pure additive gene action and Af2 showed considerable dominant effect.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Associated With Leaf Development in Winter Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wajdzik ◽  
Mateusz Dyda ◽  
Gabriela Julia Golebiowska ◽  
Maria Wędzony
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Population ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Cereal Genome ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Abstract The vitality and the development in the seedling stage is crucial in winter cereal’s life cycle, especially before and during winter. It has been reported that rapid seedling establishment and early growth may lead to higher crop yield. Localization of cereal genome regions is not often analysed in the seedling stage. The aim of this study was to identify winter triticale genome regions (QTL) associated with seedling leaves development. Based on ‘Hewo’ x ‘Magnat’ DH lines population genetic map composed of 3539 molecular markers assigned to 20 linkage groups with 4997.4 cM map length, in total 40 loci were identified by a composite interval mapping (CIM). Among them, 22 loci appeared in at least two experiments, were common for all analyzed traits as well as were identified on wheat chromosome 4B and on rye chromosomes 1R, 4R, 5R and 6R. Those loci explained up to 21.7% of phenotypic variation (Qwsl.hm.4R.2) and had LOD value up to 31.1 (Qlsl.hm.5R.1). The results of QTLs of seedling leaves development could be successively associated with QTLs of the freezing and fungal infection seedlings tolerance identified in this mapping population.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Sunflower

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 834-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rönicke ◽  
V. Hahn ◽  
A. Vogler ◽  
W. Friedt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Head Rot

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was carried out with 283 sunflower (Helianthus annuus) F2:3 families derived from a cross between a resistant (SWS-B-04) and a highly susceptible sunflower inbred line. For that purpose, a genetic map based on 195 amplified fragment length polymorphism and 20 simple sequence repeat markers was constructed. The map has a size of 2,273.5 centimorgans and comprises 17 linkage groups, 12 of which could be associated to already defined linkage groups. The heads of sunflower F3 families were artificially inoculated by using sclerotinia mycelium in three field environments. The lesion length was measured in centimeters 1 week postinoculation and head rot was scored according to a 1-to-8 head rot scale 2 weeks postinoculation. Using the composite interval mapping procedure, three QTL for lesion length and two QTL for head rot could be identified. These QTL explain 10.6 to 17.1% of the total phenotypic variance.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted Selection for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Grapes

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Dalbó ◽  
G.N. Ye ◽  
N.F. Weeden ◽  
W.F. Wilcox ◽  
B.I. Reisch
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Major Qtl

The efficiency of marker-assisted selection for powdery mildew (Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr) resistance in grapes (Vitis L. sp.) was studied using molecular markers associated with a major QTL (quantitative trait loci) for this trait. Initially, genetic maps were constructed from a segregating population of the cross `Horizon' × Illinois 547-1 (a hybrid between V. rupestris Scheele and V. cinerea Engelm.). A major QTL from Ill. 547-1, the resistant parent, explained 41% of the variation. One RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) marker and one AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) marker, obtained by bulked segregant analysis, showed the highest association with powdery mildew resistance in the mapping population. Segregation of the QTL was followed in different crosses by CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) markers developed from these two markers. An allele-specific amplified polymorphism that segregates as present/absent was also developed from the CS25b locus. Powdery mildew resistance was evaluated visually on a 1 to 5 scale in four different seedling populations. Two populations originated from crosses using Ill. 547-1 as the resistant parent. Two other populations were from crosses with NY88.0514.03, a resistant seedling from the original `Horizon' × Ill. 547-1 mapping population. Segregation ratio distortions were observed in some crosses. In these cases, the allele associated with the QTL for powdery mildew resistance was less frequent than the alternate allele. In all crosses, the markers were closely associated with resistance. If selection were based on markers, the percentage of susceptible individuals (classes 4 and 5) would decrease from 24% to 52% to 2% to 18%. Selection efficiency was greatest in crosses where segregation distortion was most intense.

scholarly journals Mapping of Photoperiod-induced Growth Cessation in the Wild Grape Vitis riparia

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Garris ◽  
Lindsay Clark ◽  
Chris Owens ◽  
Steven McKay ◽  
James Luby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
In The Wild

In grapevines (Vitis spp.), the timing of growth cessation in the fall is an important aspect of adaptation and a key objective in breeding new grape cultivars suitable for continental climates. Growth cessation is a complex biological process that is initiated by environmental cues such as daylength and temperature, as well as water and nutrient availability. The genetic control of growth cessation in grapevines was studied by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a hybrid grape population. An F2 mapping population was developed by selfing a single F1 plant derived from a cross between an accession of the North American species Vitis riparia and the Vitis hybrid wine cultivar Seyval (Seyve-Villard 5–276). A linkage map was constructed using 115 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and six candidate genes in a population of 119 F2 progeny. The markers provided coverage of the 19 Vitis linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 8.4 cM. The critical photoperiod for growth cessation in lateral buds for the parents and F2 progeny was determined in a replicated field trial in 2001 and 2002 and under controlled photoperiod treatments in a greenhouse in 2002, 2003, and 2004. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping identified a single major QTL in the field and greenhouse trials. However, the field and greenhouse QTL mapped to different linkage groups in the two different environments, suggesting the presence of additional, nonphotoperiodic cues for induction of growth cessation in the field. In the greenhouse, where noninducing temperatures were maintained, a QTL on linkage group (LG) 13 explained 80.0% to 96.6% of the phenotypic variance of critical photoperiod for growth cessation. In the field, where vines experienced natural fluctuations in temperature and rainfall in addition to the naturally decreasing photoperiod, a QTL on LG 11 explained 85.4% to 94.3% of phenotypic variance.

scholarly journals Estimating the genetic architecture of quantitative traits

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAO-BANG ZENG ◽  
CHEN-HUNG KAO ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. BASTEN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Multiple Interval Mapping ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Likelihood Analysis

Understanding and estimating the structure and parameters associated with the genetic architecture of quantitative traits is a major research focus in quantitative genetics. With the availability of a well-saturated genetic map of molecular markers, it is possible to identify a major part of the structure of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and to estimate the associated parameters. Multiple interval mapping, which was recently proposed for simultaneously mapping multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL), is well suited to the identification and estimation of the genetic architecture parameters, including the number, genomic positions, effects and interactions of significant QTL and their contribution to the genetic variance. With multiple traits and multiple environments involved in a QTL mapping experiment, pleiotropic effects and QTL by environment interactions can also be estimated. We review the method and discuss issues associated with multiple interval mapping, such as likelihood analysis, model selection, stopping rules and parameter estimation. The potential power and advantages of the method for mapping multiple QTL and estimating the genetic architecture are discussed. We also point out potential problems and difficulties in resolving the details of the genetic architecture as well as other areas that require further investigation. One application of the analysis is to improve genome-wide marker-assisted selection, particularly when the information about epistasis is used for selection with mating.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping of Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch in Winter Wheat cv. Mandub (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Dominika Piaskowska ◽  
Urszula Piechota ◽  
Magdalena Radecka-Janusik ◽  
Paweł Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Population ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Stage

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Host resistance is the most economical and safest method of controlling the disease, and information on resistance loci is crucial for effective breeding for resistance programs. In this study we used a mapping population consisting of 126 doubled-haploid lines developed from a cross between the resistant cultivar Mandub and the susceptible cultivar Begra. Three monopycnidiospore isolates of Z. tritici with diverse pathogenicity were used to test the mapping population and parents’ STB resistance at the seedling stage (under a controlled environment) and adult plant stage (polytunnel). For both types of environments, the percentage leaf area covered by necrosis (NEC) and pycnidia (PYC) was determined. A linkage map comprising 5899 DArTSNP and silicoDArT markers was used for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. The analysis showed five resistance loci on chromosomes 1B, 2B and 5B, four of which were derived from cv. Mandub. The location of QTL detected in our study on chromosomes 1B and 5B may suggest a possible identity or close linkage with Stb2/Stb11/StbWW and Stb1 loci, respectively. QStb.ihar-2B.4 and QStb.ihar-2B.5 detected on chromosome 2B do not co-localize with any known Stb genes. QStb.ihar-2B.4 seems to be a new resistance locus with a moderate effect (explaining 29.3% of NEC and 31.4% of PYC), conferring resistance at the seedling stage. The phenotypic variance explained by QTL detected in cv. Mandub ranged from 11.9% to 70.0%, thus proving that it is a good STB resistance source and can potentially be utilized in breeding programs.

scholarly journals QTL analysis of seed germination traits in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Agacka-Mołdoch ◽  
Mian Abdur Rehman Arif ◽  
Ulrike Lohwasser ◽  
Teresa Doroszewska ◽  
Ramsey S. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Controlled Deterioration ◽  
Germination Traits

AbstractGenetic mapping of seed germination traits has been performed with many plant species. In tobacco, however, investigations are rare. In the present study, a bi-parental mapping population consisting of 118 doubled haploid lines and derived from a cross between ‘Beinhart-1000’ and ‘Hicks’ was investigated. Four germination-related traits, total germination (TG), normal germination (NG), time to reach 50% of total germination (T50), and the area under the curve after 200 h of germination (AUC) were considered by examining seeds either untreated or after a moderate controlled deterioration (CD). Quantitative trait loci were found for all traits distributed on 11 out of the 24 linkage groups. It was demonstrated that, as in many other species, germination-related traits are very complex and under polygenic control.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC COEVOLUTION MEDIATED BY PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

Evolution ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1823-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Nuismer ◽  
Benjamin J. Ridenhour ◽  
Benjamin P. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Antagonistic Coevolution
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