scholarly journals THE MECHANISM OF A BROODING EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
D L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT The recovery of the SD chromosome from a heterozygous SD male increases with brood. This is independent of the age of the female, occurs during the time the sperm are stored in the females, disappears when the segregation distortion is suppressed, and is temperature-sensitive-temperature shocks above or below 25°C applied to the mature sperm both tend to accelerate the increase in the recovery of SD. All this suggests the existence of a class of sperm affected by SD in which the sperm are able to fertilize eggs for a short time following ejaculation but become dysfunctional thereafter.

scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity of negative segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hiraizumi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Negative Segregation ◽  
Absolute Reduction ◽  
Radical Revision

Abstract Previous work has shown that the direction of segregation distortion in the SD (Segregation Distorter) system in Drosophila melanogaster can sometimes be reversed, but this was found only with rather weak distorters and the effect was not large. The present study reports large negative segregation distortion in a strong distorter, SD-72 chromosome. In the presence of a specific X chromosome, supp-X(SD), the proportion, k, of SD-72 chromosomes recovered from the SD-72/cn bw males ranges from 0.99 at 20 degrees to 0.11 at 28.5 degrees, whereas with a standard-X chromosome, k ranges from 0.99 to 0.95 for the same temperature range. The temperature-sensitive period is during spermiogenesis. Using a mating system in which the sperm supply is nearly exhausted, it was shown that the negative distortion at high temperatures is due to an absolute reduction in the number of SD-72 chromosomes and an absolute increase in the number of cn bw chromosomes recovered. After adjusting for non-SD-related temperature effects, the amount of decrease in the number of SD-72 progeny is nearly the same as the amount of increase in the number of cn bw progeny, suggesting that the dysfunction switches from a spermatid carrying one homolog to one carrying the other. Negative distortion requires a radical revision of current hypotheses for the mechanism of segregation distortion and a possible modification of the current model is suggested, based on differential recovery of dysfunction in the two homologs during spermiogenesis.

SD-72 has a temperature-sensitive period during spermiogenesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Matthews ◽  
Mark A. Mortin
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Segregation Distorter

Segregation distorter (SD) chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster are naturally occurring second chromosomes which produce greatly altered transmission frequencies when present in heterozygous males (Hartl and Hiraizumi 1976). The proximate cause of segregation distortion is abortion of spermatids carrying the non-SD homologue (Tokuyasu et al. 1977). SD-72, a chromosome previously shown (Mange 1968) to be unaffected by high temperature treatment of spermatocytes, a stage when several SD genotypes are temperature sensitive, has a temperature-sensitive period during spermiogenesis. SD-72/cn bw males exposed to a 24-h pulse of 29 °C, then brooded for 24 h, experience a decrease in segregation distortion of approximately two-thirds. The timing of the reduction in distortion indicates that the temperature-sensitive period is postmeiotic.

scholarly journals AGING EFFECT ON THE PHENOMENON OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽  
Susan S Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Aging Effect

Recent findings on oogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
F. Giorgi ◽  
J. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Short Time

Vitellogenic ovaries from Drosophila melanogaster flies have been exposed, either in in vivo or in vitro conditions, to various extracellular tracers in an attempt to determine the possible route of entry of the yolk precursors. Ruthenium red and lanthanum nitrate have been shown to gain access to the oocyte surface by initially passing through the intercellular spaces of the follicle layer. Both these tracers, however, never attain an intracellular location within any of the cells forming the ovarian chamber. Colloidal Thorotrast when injected into adult females has never been detected within any of the ovarian chambers examined, irrespective of their stage. Vitellogenic oocytes exposed to peroxidase in in vivo conditions exhibit the oolemma and all the structural elements present in the cortical ooplasm well labelled within a very short time after the injection. Moreover, with gradually increasing exposure times to peroxidase, the labelled yolk platelets increase progressively in number. At each time interval after the injection, the label over the yolk platelets remains restricted to the superficial layer and never gets into the associated body. The pattern of tritiated lysine incorporation into vitellogenic oocytes has been studied over a period of 20 h. A few hours after injection of the radioactive tracer, the silver grains located over the ooplasm appear distributed at random. A predominant labelling of the yolk platelets as compared to the rest of the ooplasm, becomes evident only with a 6 h delay since the time of injection. When analysed by electrophoresis and isolectrofocusing, the vitellogenic ovary is seen to exhibit a number of protein bands which are common to those of other tissues as, for instance, haemolymph and fat body. The evidence obtained in the present study is discussed in relation to the hypothesis of an extraovarian origin of the yolk precursors and their sequestration into forming yolk platelets.

Genetic analysis of vitellogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: the identification of a temperature-sensitive mutation affecting one of the yolk proteins

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
M. Bownes ◽  
B. D. Hames
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Yolk Proteins ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Temperature Sensitive Mutation ◽  
Transplant Experiments

A number of female sterile mutations on the first and third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster have been screened for defects in the yolk proteins using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two new mutants were identified. 6m45 accumulates all three yolk proteins (YP1, YP2 and YP3) in the haemolymph but they are all absent from the ovaries suggesting it is a yolk-protein-uptake mutant. In contrast, 1163 is a temperature-sensitive mutation with a large reduction in the quantity of YP1 in the haemolymph and ovaries at 29 °C. Both mutants are autonomous in ovary transplant experiments.

Studies on the female-sterile phenotype of 1(1)su(f) ts76a, a temperature-sensitive allele of the suppressor of forked mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Lethal Mutation ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Egg Chambers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sensitive Allele

A new allele of the suppressor of forked [su(f)] mutation in Drosophila melanogaster has been found and designated 1(1)su(f)ts76a. It is temperature-sensitive for suppression of forked (f) and has additional temperature-sensitive phenotypes of lethality, female sterility, and abnormal bristle formation at 29 °C. It closely resembles two other conditional alleles of su(f), 1(1)su(f)ts67g and 1(1)ts726. Female sterility at 29 °C is characterized by both disorganized egg chambers in the ovarioles and also chorion-deficient oocytes. Both of these abnormalities may be the result of premature follicle cell death. The observations on 1(1)su(f)ts76a are consistent with the proposal that the similar allele, 1(1)ts726, is a cell-lethal mutation specifically affecting mitotically active cells.

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