scholarly journals INTRACISTRONIC MAPPING OF ELECTROPHORETIC SITES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: FIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER BY GENE CONVERSION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Margaret McCarron ◽  
William Gelbart ◽  
Arthur Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Recombination Experiments

ABSTRACT A convenient method is described for the intracistronic mapping of genetic sites responsible for electrophoretic variation of a specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster. A number of wild-type isoalleles of the rosy locus have been isolated which are associated with the production of electrophoretically distinguishable xanthine dehydrogenases. Large-scale recombination experiments were carried out involving null enzyme mutants induced on electrophoretically distinct wild-type isoalleles, the genetic basis for which is followed as a nonselective marker in the cross. Additionally, a large-scale recombination experiment was carried out involving null enzyme rosy mutants induced on the same wild-type isoallele. Examination of the electrophoretic character of crossover and convertant products recovered from the latter experiment revealed that all exhibited the same parental electrophoretic character. In addition to documenting the stability of the xanthine dehydrogenase electrophoretic character, this observation argues against a special mutagenesis hypothesis to explain conversions resulting from allele recombination studies.

ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ROSY LOCUS DNA IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION MAPPING OF MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INSERTIONS AND DELETIONS

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-767
Author(s):  
S H Clark ◽  
M McCarron ◽  
C Love ◽  
A Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Intragenic Recombination ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Insertions And Deletions ◽  
Recombination Mapping

ABSTRACT DNA extracts of several rosy-mutation-bearing strains were associated with large insertions and deletions in a defined region of the molecular map believed to include the rosy locus DNA. Large-scale, intragenic mapping experiments were carried out that localized these mutations within the boundaries of the previously defined rosy locus structural element. Molecular characterization of the wild-type recombinants provides conclusive evidence that the rosy locus DNA is localized to the DNA segment marked by these lesions.—One of the mutations, ry  2101, arose from a P-M hybrid dysgenesis experiment and is associated with a copia insertion. Experiments are described which suggest that copia mobilizes in response to P-M hybrid dysgenesis.—Relevance of the data to recombination in higher organisms is considered.

AUTOSOMAL MODIFIERS OF THE BOBBED PHENOTYPE ARE A MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE rDNA MAGNIFICATION PARADOX IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-319
Author(s):  
Craig H Marcus ◽  
Anne E Zitron ◽  
David A Wright ◽  
R Scott Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Epistatic Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT rDNA magnification in Drosophila melanogaster is defined experimentally as the ability of bb/Ybb  - males to produce exceptional progeny that are wild type with respect to rDNA associated phenotypes. Here, we show that some of these bobbed-plus progeny result not from genetic reversion at the bb locus but rather from variants at two or more autosomal loci that ameliorate the bobbed phenotype of rDNA deficient males in Drosophila. In doing so we resolve several aspects of a long-standing paradox concerning the phenomenon of rDNA magnification. This problem arose from the use of two genetic assays, which were presumed to be identical, but paradoxically, produced conflicting data on both the kinetics of reversion and the stability of magnified bb  + chromosomes. We resolve this problem by demonstrating that in one assay bobbed-plus progeny arise primarily by genetic reversion at the bobbed locus, whereas in the other assay bobbed-plus progeny arise both by reversion and by an epistatic effect of autosomal modifiers on the bobbed phenotype. We further show that such modifiers can facilitate the appearance of phenotypically bobbed-plus progeny even under conditions where genetic reversion is blocked by magnification defective mutants. Finally, we present a speculative model relating the action of these modifiers to the large increases in rDNA content observed in males undergoing magnification.

scholarly journals The white gene controls copulation success in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengfeng Xiao ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
R Meldrum Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Male Courtship Behavior

ABSTRACTCharacteristics of male courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster have been well-described, but the genetic basis of male-female copulation is largely unknown. Here we show that the white (w) gene, a classical gene for eye color, is associated with copulation success. 82.5% of wild-type Canton-S flies copulated within 60 minutes in circular arenas, whereas few white-eyed mutants mated successfully. The w+ allele exchanged to the X chromosome or duplicated to the Y chromosome in the white-eyed genetic background rescued the defect of copulation success. The w+-associated copulation success was independent of eye color phenotype. Addition of the mini-white (mw+) gene to the white-eyed mutant rescued the defect of copulation success in a manner that was mw+ copy number-dependent. Lastly, male-female sexual experience mimicked the effects of w+/mw+ in improving successful copulation. These data suggest that the w+ gene controls copulation success in Drosophila melanogaster.

AN ANALYSIS OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE NEGATIVE MUTANTS OF THE ROSY LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois E. Girton ◽  
Reggie Y. C. Lo ◽  
John B. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Type Enzyme ◽  
Intragenic Complementation

Eighteen alleles of the rosy locus in Drosophila melanogaster were characterized to identify putative nonsense mutants. Seven alleles exhibited no evidence of intragenic complementation, no evidence of immunological cross-reactivity to antibodies elicited by wild type xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), and of course were completely deficient in measurable XDH activity. It is possible that one or more of these highly negative ry alleles are nonsense mutants. The remaining eleven ry alleles code for XDH molecules that retain some antigenic similarities to the wild type enzyme as assessed by immunoelectrophoresis and six of these eleven were capable of intragenic complementation.

ORGANIZATION OF THE ROSY LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: EVIDENCE FOR A CONTROL ELEMENT ADJACENT TO THE XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
A Chovnick ◽  
W Gelbart ◽  
M McCarron ◽  
B Osmond ◽  
E P M Candido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
A Site ◽  
Recombination Experiments

ABSTRACT From a collection of electrophoretic variants of XDH obtained from laboratory strains and natural populations, a stock was isolated that was associated with much greater than normal levels of XDH activity. Preliminary recombination experiments demonstrated that this character maps to the rosy locus. While a series of observations failed to relate this phenotype to alteration in the structure of the XDH polypeptide, kinetic and immunological experiments did succeed in associating this character with variation in number of molecules of XDH/fly. Large scale fine structure recombination experiments locate the genetic basis for this variation in number of molecules of XDH/fly to a site very close to, but definitely outside of, the genetic boundaries of the XDH structural information. Observations are described which eliminate the possibility that we are dealing with a tandem duplication of the XDH structural element. Turning to a regulatory role for this genetic element located adjacent to the XDH structural information, a simple experiment is described which demonstrates that it functions as a "cis-acting" regulator of the XDH structural element.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF THE ROSY LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: FURTHER EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF A CIS-ACTING CONTROL ELEMENT ADJACENT TO THE XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
M McCarron ◽  
J O'Donnell ◽  
A Chovnick ◽  
B S Bhullar ◽  
J Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT The present report summarizes our recent progress in the genetic dissection of an elementary genetic unit in a higher organism, the rosy locus (ry: 3-52.0) in Drosophila melanogaster. Pursuing the hypothesis that the rosy locus includes a noncoding control region, as well as a structural element coding for the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) peptide, experiments are described that characterize and map a rosy locus variant associated with much lower than normal levels of XDH activity. Experiments are described that fail to relate this phenotype to alteration in the structure of the XDH peptide, but clearly associate this character with variation in number of molecules of XDH per fly. Large-scale fine-structure recombination experiments locate the genetic basis for this variation in the number of molecules of XDH per fly to a site immediately to the left of the XDH structural element within a region previously designated as the XDH control element. Moreover, experiments clearly separate this "underproducer" variant site from a previously described "overproducer" site within the control region. Examination of enzyme activity in electrophoretic gels of appropriate heterozygous genotypes demonstrates the cis-acting nature of this variation in the number of molecules of XDH. A revision of the map of the rosy locus, structural and control elements is presented in light of the additional mapping data now available.

GENETIC LIMITS OF THE XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE STRUCTURAL ELEMENT WITHIN THE ROSY LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-886
Author(s):  
William M Gelbart ◽  
Margaret McCarron ◽  
Janardan Pandey ◽  
Arthur Chovnick
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Experiments are described that provide an opportunity to estimate the genetic limits of the structural (amino acid coding) portion of the rosy locus (3: 52.0) in Drosophila melanogaster, which controls the enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) . This is accomplished by mapping experiments which localize sites responsible for electrophoretic variation in the enzyme on the known genetic map of null-XDH rosy mutants. Electrophoretic sites are distributed along a large portion of the null mutant map. A cis-trans test involving electrophoretic variants in the left- and right-hand portions of the map leads to the conclusion that the entire region between these variants is also structural. Hence most, if not all, of the null mutant map of the rosy locus contains structural information for the amino acid sequence of the XDH polypeptide. Consideration is given to the significance of the present results for the general problem of gene organization in higher eukaryotes.

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