scholarly journals Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Health Status Among African Americans Living in Low-Income Housing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 577-578
Author(s):  
Adrienne Aiken-Morgan ◽  
Dextiny McCain ◽  
Karon Phillips ◽  
Keith Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Health Status ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
African American Older Adults

Abstract Research has shown the importance of social determinants of health in explaining racial/ethnic disparities in many health outcomes; however, less attention has been given to within-group differences in social determinants of health among low-income African American older adults. The Physical and Cognitive Health Pilot Study (n=50) was utilized to examine associations between level of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and self-reported health in African American older adults living in public housing in Durham, NC and Annapolis, MD. Results from ANOVA showed that Durham participants living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods had statistically significantly worse cardiovascular health, higher depression symptoms, worse sleep quality, and higher alcohol use (p=.05) than Annapolis participants living in a more resource-rich neighborhood. These findings suggest that among low-income African American elders, greater neighborhood/state socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with worse health status. Future research should consider neighborhood context as an essential variable when assessing health status among aging African Americans.

Abstract 14483: Association Between Four Selected Social Determinants of Health and Readmissions for Patients in the Grady Heart Failure Program, 2018-2019

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Marshall ◽  
Jasmin Minaya-Junca ◽  
Rashon Lane ◽  
Kara Macleod ◽  
Diane Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Financial Resource ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Barriers To Access

Introduction: African Americans have a higher prevalence of heart failure (HF) than white Americans due in part to social determinants of health (SDOH). The Grady Heart Failure Program (GHFP) at Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH) in Atlanta aims to reduce readmissions for primarily low income, underinsured, African American patients with congestive HF. The GHFP addresses barriers to access to care through a community health worker, mobile health visits, transportation support, and low-cost medication. This study examines whether four key SDOH variables from Healthy Planet, a population health module in GMH’s electronic medical record, are associated with readmissions for GHFP patients. Methods: We analyzed data on demographics (race, sex, ethnicity) and SDOH variables (homelessness, financial resource strain, inability to afford medications, and issues with transportation to medical appointments) from Healthy Planet linked to HF-related readmissions from the GHFP’s dashboard. A total of 420 patients in the GHFP were included in this analysis from May 2018-April 2019. We evaluated the relationship between SDOH variables and any HF-related readmission and any 30-day HF-related readmission within the 12-month study period using Fishers exact tests. Results: Of the 420 patients, 92% were non-Hispanic African American, 62% were male, and 22% were uninsured. In the year prior to their first GHFP consult, 22% experienced homelessness, 49% had financial resource strain, 30% were unable to buy needed medications, and 46% had difficulty with transportation to medical appointments. A total of 76 patients (18%) were readmitted (range 1-5 readmissions), and 26 (6.2%) were readmitted within 30 days (range 1-4 readmissions within 30 days) over 12 months. No SDOH variables were associated with any 30-day HF-related readmission. Transportation issues were associated with any HF-related readmission ( P =0.04). Conclusions: While the majority of GHFP patients experienced SDOH-related barriers to care, none were associated with any 30-day readmissions and only transportation issues were associated with any readmissions. Future studies and models will examine whether the GHFP’s efforts to address social needs have led to a decline in 30-day readmission rates.

Social determinants of health affecting treatment of pediatric brain tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Jillian M. Berkman ◽  
Jonathan Dallas ◽  
Jaims Lim ◽  
Ritwik Bhatia ◽  
Amber Gaulden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cns Tumor ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Caucasian Patients

OBJECTIVELittle is understood about the role that health disparities play in the treatment and management of brain tumors in children. The purpose of this study was to determine if health disparities impact the timing of initial and follow-up care of patients, as well as overall survival.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) previously diagnosed with, and initially treated for, a primary CNS tumor between 2005 and 2012 at Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt. Primary outcomes included time from symptom presentation to initial neurosurgery consultation and percentage of missed follow-up visits for ancillary or core services (defined as no-show visits). Core services were defined as healthcare interactions directly involved with CNS tumor management, whereas ancillary services were appointments that might be related to overall care of the patient but not directly focused on treatment of the tumor. Statistical analysis included Pearson’s chi-square test, nonparametric univariable tests, and multivariable linear regression. Statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.05.RESULTSThe analysis included 198 patients. The median time from symptom onset to initial presentation was 30.0 days. A mean of 7.45% of all core visits were missed. When comparing African American and Caucasian patients, there was no significant difference in age at diagnosis, timing of initial symptoms, or tumor grade. African American patients missed significantly more core visits than Caucasian patients (p = 0.007); this became even more significant when controlling for other factors in the multivariable analysis (p < 0.001). African American patients were more likely to have public insurance, while Caucasian patients were more likely to have private insurance (p = 0.025). When evaluating survival, no health disparities were identified.CONCLUSIONSNo significant health disparities were identified when evaluating the timing of presentation and survival. A racial disparity was noted when evaluating missed follow-up visits. Future work should focus on identifying reasons for differences and whether social determinants of health affect other aspects of treatment.

scholarly journals The Health and Well-Being of African-American Older Adults With a History of Incarceration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 506-506
Author(s):  
Rodlescia Sneed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Older Prisoners ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
African American Older Adults

Abstract African-Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Longer prison stays and release programs for older prisoners may result in an increased number of community-dwelling older adults with a history of incarceration. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in research on health-related outcomes for currently incarcerated older adults; however, there has been little inquiry into outcomes for formerly incarcerated African-American older adults following community re-entry. In this study, we used secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study to describe employment, economic, and health-related outcomes in this population. Twelve percent of the 2238 African-Americans in our sample had been previously incarcerated. Those who had been previously incarcerated had higher rates of lung disease, arthritis, back problems, mobility problems, and mental health issues than their counterparts. They also had higher rates of hospitalization and lower use of dental health services. Further, while they did not experience lower employment rates than those with no criminal history, those who had been incarcerated had more physically demanding jobs and reported greater economic strain. Given the disproportionate incarceration rates among African-Americans, the aging of the prison population, and the increase in community re-entry for older prisoners, research that explores factors that impact the health and well-being of formerly incarcerated individuals has broad impact. Future work should focus on addressing the needs of this vulnerable population of African-American older adults.

Am I My Brother’s Keeper? African American Men’s Health Within the Context of Equity and Policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okechuku Kelechi Enyia ◽  
Yashika J. Watkins ◽  
Quintin Williams
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Men's Health

African American men’s health has at times been regarded as irrelevant to the health and well-being of the communities where they are born, grow, live, work, and age. The uniqueness of being male and of African descent calls for a critical examination and deeper understanding of the psycho-socio-historical context in which African American men have lived. There is a critical need for scholarship that better contextualizes African American Male Theory and cultural humility in terms of public health. Furthermore, the focus of much of the social determinants of health and health equity policy literature has been on advocacy, but few researchers have examined why health-related public policies have not been adopted and implemented from a political and theoretical policy analysis perspective. The purpose of this article will be to examine African American men’s health within the context of social determinants of health status, health behavior, and health inequalities—elucidating policy implications for system change and providing recommendations from the vantage point of health equity.

scholarly journals Social determinants of health and self-rated health status: A comparison between women with HIV and women without HIV from the general population in Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0213901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Greta R. Bauer ◽  
Angela Kaida ◽  
Ashley Lacombe-Duncan ◽  
Mina Kazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Women With Hiv

Pneumococcal vaccination in older adults: An initial analysis of social determinants of health and vaccine uptake

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (35) ◽  
pp. 5607-5617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Gatwood ◽  
Sohul Shuvo ◽  
Kenneth C. Hohmeier ◽  
Tracy Hagemann ◽  
Chi-Yang Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Initial Analysis

Using Community-Level Mental Health Surveillance Data to Examine the Relationship of Depression Prevalence to Social Determinants of Health and Access to Mental Health Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Currie ◽  
Kirsten Fiest ◽  
Lindsay Guyn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Depression Prevalence

The effect of social determinants of health on depression prevalence and treatment access was examined using community survey and administrative data on mental health service users in the Calgary Health Region (CHR). Consistent with national prevalence data, depression was significantly associated with female gender, younger age, and health risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity. The prevalence of depression causing interference in daily functioning across 19 social districts (subregions within the CHR) was significantly related to community-level indicators of single-parent status, low-income families, and low educational achievement in each district. Disparities in treatment access were also found with persons living in the most impoverished districts having the lowest rates of accessing professional mental health services.

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