Trends in Informal and Formal Long-Term Care Use Among Older Adults With Disabilities in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 421-421
Author(s):  
Yoko Sugihara ◽  
Erika Kobayashi ◽  
Taro Fukaya ◽  
Jersey Liang ◽  
Hidehiro Sugisawa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Policy Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Adults With Disabilities ◽  
Complementary Role

Abstract Whether increased formal long-term care (LTC) reduces informal LTC use by serving as a substitute or has a complementary role that boosts both informal and formal LTC use has been an important issue for evaluating LTC policy effectiveness. We described trends in in-home LTC use among older adults and LTC availability in relation to changes in LTC policy in Japan. In addition, we examined whether these trends differ by living arrangements, gender, income, and disability levels. We used five waves of repeated cross-sectional data starting in 1999 to 2017. The use of both informal and formal LTC types combined increased until 2006 and then gradually decreased while remaining higher than in 1999. Although implementing the LTC program may have temporarily contributed to the complementary use of both LTC types, eligibility limitations brought about by LTC reform potentially reduced the effects of formal LTC’s complementary role.

scholarly journals Depression and empathy in health professionals who work in the long-term care institutions for older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Marina Miranda Borges ◽  
Ana Julia de Lima Bomfim ◽  
Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Empathy is an important factor to guarantee the quality of care provided in the long-term care institutions (LTCIs) for older adults, and depression is a factor that affects the health of the professional and, consequently, the care. Thus, it is important that studies are conducted on the relationship of these variables in this context. Objective: The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between empathy and depressive symptoms among health professionals working in the LTCIs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at LTCIs in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The final sample was constituted by 101 health professionals (i.e., caregivers and nursing technicians) with direct participation in the care of institutionalized older adults. The instruments were used as follows: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to assess empathy and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for the diagnosis of depression. For the analyses, the patients were divided into groups with and without depression, according to the score of the PHQ-9. Results: The prevalence of depression among health professionals was 19.8%. Significant statistical differences were found between the groups for the total score of the IRI (p=0.029), for the emotional domain (p=0.023), and for the personal distress (p=0.009). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the presence of depression among health professionals at LTCIs is related to the higher levels of empathy, especially in the emotional domain. Thus, future studies that contribute to understanding how care must be provided with empathy, but without harming the health of the professional, should be carried out.

scholarly journals Demands for Telenursing-Based Long-Term Care Among Disabled Older Adults in Qingdao, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 1981-1990
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Zhe Su ◽  
Songwei Sun ◽  
Cuiping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care

scholarly journals Factors associated with eating performance in older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dukyoo Jung ◽  
Jennie C. De Gagne ◽  
Hyesoon Lee ◽  
Minkyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Physical Capability

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing eating performance in older adults with dementia (OAWDs) in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Methods This cross-sectional study examined risk factors for compromised eating performance by comparing both independent and dependent older adults with dementia. The study participants were 117 OAWDs in LTC facilities in South Korea. Measurements included (a) general characteristics, (b) activities of daily living (ADL) including eating performance, (c) cognitive function, (d) physical capability, (e) grip strength, (f) Behavioral Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), and (g) depression. Data were analyzed by the percentage, mean and standard deviation, Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression. Results The eating independent group had more comorbidities than the dependent group (t = 2.793, p < .006); had significantly higher cognition (t = 4.108, p < .001) and physical capability (t = 5.258, p < .001); and had stronger grip strength (t = 2.887, p = .005). Comorbidities and physical capability were determinants for independent eating performance (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.969, p = .014; OR = 1.324, p < .001). Conclusions It is suggested that maintaining physical capability should be encouraged to support independent eating performance by OAWDs in LTC facilities. The results of this study could serve as a basis for developing function-focused care to maintain the residual eating performance of OAWDs in Korean LTC facilities. This is a subject area that has not been fully explored.

scholarly journals HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES: LESSONS FROM LONGITUDINAL STUDIES.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S242-S242
Author(s):  
Robert O Barker ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Fiona Matthews ◽  
Barbara Hanratty
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCF) have complex needs for health care and support. There is a perception that residents’ needs are increasing over time, but little research evidence to back this up. In this study we brought together data on 1640 residents in LTCFs from three longitudinal studies, and conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses across a 25 year period. We found that the prevalence of severe disability amongst residents has increased from 56% to 80% over a 20 year period, driven by increases in difficulties in bathing and dressing. The prevalence of multimorbidity also increased from 29% to 56% between 2006 and 2014. A growth in the number of people with dementia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases contributed to this. We conclude that residents in LTCFs have become a selected subset of the population, characterised by increasing needs for support. This poses an important challenge for future care provision.

Long-term care preference among Japanese older adults: differences by age, period and cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiro Sugisawa ◽  
Yoko Sugihara ◽  
Yomei Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Japanese Older Adults

AbstractThis study examined the differences in the preference for long-term care (LTC) by age, period and cohort (A-P-C) in Japanese older adults through repeated cross-sectional surveys from 1998 – before the establishment of LTC insurance – to 2016, in a suburban city of metropolitan Tokyo. We analysed the direct effects of A-P-C on the preference for LTC, as well as the interaction effects of A-P-C on preference by gender, family structure and activities of daily living. Data were obtained at six time-points using repeated cross-sectional surveys for people aged 65 and older; surveys were conducted in 1998, 2002, 2004, 2010, 2013 and 2016. The preference for LTC was composed of three categories: informal care, community LTC services (CLTCS) and institutional LTC services (ILTCS). The cross-classified random-effect model was used to specify A-P-C effects. Informal care, CLITCS, ILTCS and other/no answer composed 35, 23, 33 and 9 per cent of preferences, respectively. In terms of the period effect, while there was an increase in levels of preference for CLTC between 1998 and 2010 as compared to informal care, the levels of preference were almost identical after 2010. In terms of the age effect, younger participants were more likely to prefer CLTCS and ILTCS over informal care. Moreover, the age influence was stronger in females and respondents who lived alone. We did not observe a cohort effect for preference. This study suggests that there are gaps by period and age between the preference for LTC services and the actual LTC use in Japanese older adults, and as a result, the use of actual LTC services cannot fully reflect the intentions and preference for LTC in them.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Competence of Nursing Assistants in Taiwan Long-Term Care Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9413
Author(s):  
Tsai-Jung Cheng ◽  
Yi-Min Hsu ◽  
Tung-Han Tsai ◽  
Ming-Yu Chen ◽  
Shwu-Feng Tsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Nursing Assistants ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adults With Disabilities ◽  
Study Results

With the increasing number of people with disabilities caused by an aging global population, the need for long-term care is gradually increasing. Nursing assistants (NAs) are the primary providers of direct care services to older adults with disabilities, whose knowledge, skills, and beliefs affect the quality of care provided. This study aimed to investigate the influential factors affecting NAs’ current competences. A total of 255 NAs’ valid questionnaires were collected from 20 long-term care institutions in Taiwan through convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised dimensions of demographics and care competence. The study results indicated that NAs had the greatest care competence in the domain of recognition of patient rights (4.64 ± 0.54 points). The multiple regression indicated that age, religion, job category, disability care experience, the receiving of performance bonuses, and the receiving of year-end bonuses significantly affected the level of care competence (p < 0.05). With the aforementioned findings, the results of this study serve as references for the government in employing long-term care NAs and developing management policies. Training programs for NAs should be developed to improve the quality of care provided to older adults with disabilities.

scholarly journals Intimacy for older adults in long-term care: a need, a right, a privilege—or a kind of care?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107171
Author(s):  
Vanessa Schouten ◽  
Mark Henrickson ◽  
Catherine M Cook ◽  
Sandra McDonald ◽  
Nilo Atefi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Whole Person

BackgroundTo investigate attitudes of staff, residents and family members in long-term care towards sex and intimacy among older adults, specifically the extent to which they conceptualise sex and intimacy as a need, a right, a privilege or as a component of overall well-being.MethodsThe present study was a part of a two-arm mixed-methods cross-sectional study using a concurrent triangulation design. A validated survey tool was developed; 433 staff surveys were collected from 35 facilities across the country. Interviews were conducted with 75 staff, residents and family members.ResultsIt was common for staff, residents and family members to talk about intimacy and sexuality in terms of rights and needs. As well as using the language of needs and rights, it was common for participants to use terms related to well-being, such as fun, happiness or being miserable. One participant in particular (a staff member) described receiving intimate touch as a ‘kind of care’—a particularly useful way of framing the conversation.ConclusionWhile staff, residents and family frequently used the familiar language of needs and rights to discuss access to intimate touch, they also used the language of well-being and care. Reframing the conversation in this way serves a useful purpose: it shifts the focus from simply meeting minimum obligations to a salutogenic approach—one that focuses on caring for the whole person in order to improve overall well-being and quality of life.

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