Perceptions of Social Support Sufficiency Among Older Adults With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Globally, the greatest number of older people with HIV (OPWH) are in sub-Saharan Africa (3.7 million). This population will continue to expand with greater access to anti-retroviral therapy. Compared to OPWH in high income counties, these OPWH have constrained access to government and community-based services and largely rely on assistance from family, friends, and neighbors for their social support needs. We examined factors related to perceptions of instrumental and emotional support sufficiency (availability and adequacy) among OPWH age 50 and older in Uganda (n = 101) and South Africa (n = 108). Significant covariates of instrumental support sufficiency included not having an AIDS diagnosis, greater support from family, and less support from friends. Significant covariates of emotional support sufficiency were fewer depressive symptoms, greater support from family, and geographic location (Uganda). Explanation of these findings based on social network characteristics and implications for policy and program development will be discussed.

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Does social support modify the relationship between food insecurity and poor mental health? Evidence from thirty-nine sub-Saharan African countries

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001800277x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 874-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Muzi Na ◽

Meghan Miller ◽

Terri Ballard ◽

Diane C Mitchell ◽

Yuen Wai Hung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Emotional Support ◽

Well Being ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the relationship among food insecurity, social support and mental well-being in sub-Saharan Africa, a region presenting the highest prevalence of severe food insecurity and a critical scarcity of mental health care.DesignFood insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Social support was assessed using dichotomous indicators of perceived, foreign perceived, received, given, integrative and emotional support. The Negative and Positive Experience Indices (NEI and PEI) were used as indicators of mental well-being. Multilevel mixed-effect linear models were applied to examine the associations between mental well-being and food security status, social support and their interaction, respectively, accounting for random effects at country level and covariates.ParticipantsNationally representative adults surveyed through Gallup World Poll between 2014 and 2016 in thirty-nine sub-Saharan African countries (n 102 235).ResultsThe prevalence of severe food insecurity was 39 %. The prevalence of social support ranged from 30 to 72 % by type. In the pooled analysis using the adjusted model, food insecurity was dose-responsively associated with increased NEI and decreased PEI. Perceived, integrative and emotional support were associated with lower NEI and higher PEI. The differences in NEI and PEI between people with and without social support were the greatest among the most severely food insecure.ConclusionsBoth food insecurity and lack of social support constitute sources of vulnerability to poor mental well-being. Social support appears to modify the relationship between food security and mental well-being among those most affected by food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effect of HIV infection on pregnancy-related mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: secondary analyses of pooled community-based data from the network for Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa (ALPHA).

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718011477.793479984 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony Harries

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Community Based ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Related Mortality ◽

Hiv Aids

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Leveraging community based organizations and fintech to improve small-scale renewable energy financing in sub-Saharan Africa

Energy Research & Social Science ◽

10.1016/j.erss.2021.101949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 101949

Author(s):

Hemen Mark Butu ◽

Benyoh Emmanuel Kigha Nsafon ◽

Sang Wook Park ◽

Jeung Soo Huh

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Small Scale ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Organizations ◽

Sub Saharan

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A cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in northeastern Uganda: epidemiology and interventions

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268811001956 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 140 (8) ◽

pp. 1376-1385 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. J. CUMMINGS ◽

J. F. WAMALA ◽

M. EYURA ◽

M. MALIMBO ◽

M. E. OMEKE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Gender ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cholera Outbreak ◽

Community Based ◽

Nomadic Pastoralists ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Water And Sanitation Infrastructure ◽

Sanitation Infrastructure ◽

Village Health Teams

SUMMARYIn sub-Saharan Africa, many nomadic pastoralists have begun to settle in permanent communities as a result of long-term water, food, and civil insecurity. Little is known about the epidemiology of cholera in these emerging semi-nomadic populations. We report the results of a case-control study conducted during a cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in the Karamoja sub-region of northeastern Uganda in 2010. Data from 99 cases and 99 controls were analysed. In multivariate analyses, risk factors identified were: residing in the same household as another cholera case [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6·67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·83–15·70], eating roadside food (aOR 2·91, 95% CI 1·24–6·81), not disposing of children's faeces in a latrine (aOR 15·76, 95% CI 1·54–161·25), not treating drinking water with chlorine (aOR 3·86, 95% CI 1·63–9·14), female gender (aOR 2·43, 95% CI 1·09–5·43), and childhood age (10–17 years) (aOR 7·14, 95% CI 1·97–25·83). This is the first epidemiological study of cholera reported from a setting of semi-nomadic pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa. Public health interventions among semi-nomadic pastoralists should include a two-faceted approach to cholera prevention: intensive health education programmes to address behaviours inherited from insecure nomadic lifestyles, as well as improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure. The utilization of community-based village health teams provides an important method of implementing such activities.

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Planning community-based assessments of HIV educational intervention programs in sub-Saharan Africa

Health Education Research ◽

10.1093/her/cyx046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 353-363

Author(s):

Ben Kelcey ◽

Zuchao Shen

Keyword(s):

Educational Intervention ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Community Based ◽

Sub Saharan

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False-negative malaria rapid diagnostic test results and their impact on community-based malaria surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001582 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. e001582 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Oliver J Watson ◽

Kelsey Marie Sumner ◽

Mark Janko ◽

Varun Goel ◽

Peter Winskill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

False Negative ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Probability Of Detection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Community Based ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Lower Transmission ◽

Demographic Patterns

Surveillance and diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria relies predominantly on rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). However, false-negative (FN) RDT results are known to occur for a variety of reasons, including operator error, poor storage conditions, pfhrp2/3 gene deletions, poor performance of specific RDT brands and lots, and low-parasite density infections. We used RDT and microscopy results from 85 000 children enrolled in Demographic Health Surveys and Malaria Indicator Surveys from 2009 to 2015 across 19 countries to explore the distribution of and risk factors for FN-RDTs in sub-Saharan Africa, where malaria’s impact is greatest. We sought to (1) identify spatial and demographic patterns of FN-RDT results, defined as a negative RDT but positive gold standard microscopy test, and (2) estimate the percentage of infections missed within community-based malaria surveys due to FN-RDT results. Across all studies, 19.9% (95% CI 19.0% to 20.9%) of microscopy-positive subjects were negative by RDT. The distribution of FN-RDT results was spatially heterogeneous. The variance in FN-RDT results was best explained by the prevalence of malaria, with an increase in FN-RDT results observed at lower transmission intensities, among younger subjects, and in urban areas. The observed proportion of FN-RDT results was not predicted by differences in RDT brand or lot performance alone. These findings characterise how the probability of detection by RDTs varies in different transmission settings and emphasise the need for careful interpretation of prevalence estimates based on surveys employing RDTs alone. Further studies are needed to characterise the cost-effectiveness of improved malaria diagnostics (eg, PCR or highly sensitive RDTs) in community-based surveys, especially in regions of low transmission intensity or high urbanicity.

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Development of a community-based, one-stop service centre for children with developmental disorders: changing the narrative of developmental disorders in sub-Saharan Africa

Pan African Medical Journal ◽

10.11604/pamj.2020.36.164.23402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Author(s):

Yetunde Celia Adeniyi ◽

Ade Fatai Adeniyi

Keyword(s):

Developmental Disorders ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Community Based ◽

Service Centre ◽

One Stop ◽

Sub Saharan

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Scaling-up health insurance through community- based health insurance schemes in rural sub- Saharan African communities

Journal of Hospital Administration ◽

10.5430/jha.v3n1p14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ufuoma John Ejughemre

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Community Based ◽

Seek Health Care ◽

Community Based Health Insurance ◽

The Poor ◽

Sub Saharan

Context: The knotty and monumental problem of health inequality and the high burden of diseases in sub-Saharan Africa bothers on the poor state of health of many of its citizens particularly in rural communities. These issues are further exacerbated by the harrowing conditions of health care delivery and the poor financing of health services in many of these communities. Against these backdrops, health policy makers in the region are not just concerned with improving peoples’ health but with protecting them against the financial costs of illness. What is important is the need to support more robust strategies for healthcare financing in these communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This review assesses the evidence of the extent to which community-based health insurance (CBHI) is a more viable option for health care financing amongst other health insurance schemes in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Patterns of health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa: Theoretically, the basis for health insurance is that it allows for risk pooling and therefore ensures that resources follow sick individuals to seek health care when needed. As it were, there are different models such as social, private and CBHI schemes which could come to bear in different settings in the region. However, not all insurance schemes will come to bear in rural settings in the region. Community based health insurance: CBHI is now recognized as a community-initiative that is community friendly and has a wide reach in the informal sector especially if well designed. Experience from Rwanda, parts of Nigeria and other settings in the region indicate high acceptability but the challenge is that these schemes are still very new in the region. Recommendations and conclusion: Governments and international development partners in the region should collect- ively develop CBHI as it will help in strengthening health systems and efforts geared towards achieving the millennium development goals. This is because it is inextricably linked to the health care needs of the poor.

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