scholarly journals LONELINESS, SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND DOMAINS OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ENGLISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S190-S191
Author(s):  
Jessica G Abell ◽  
Jessica Abell ◽  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
David J Llewellyn ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Word List ◽  
Number Series ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Globally the numbers of older people who live alone and those who may experience certain risk factors have risen. In this study, we aim to examine associations between social isolation and loneliness with different domains of cognitive impairment. Data are from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Social isolation and loneliness were measured in 2012-2013 and cognition in 2017-2018, using the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) in 1,200 men and women aged ≥65 years. General cognitive impairment was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE); memory was assessed using the CERAD word list, attention & speed using the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test and executive function by a number series test. Loneliness, measured using the UCLA scale, was associated with a higher risk of neurocognitive impairment (MMSE<24), lower memory scores, poorer attention and executive function. However, social isolation was only found only to be associated with lower levels of memory.

scholarly journals BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ENGLISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S190-S190
Author(s):  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
Jessica Abell ◽  
David J Llewellyn ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Biological and psychosocial risk factors, particularly those that are malleable across the life course, are important determinants of neurocognitive health in later life. We investigated several determinants of cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), as part of the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol in 1,200 individuals aged ≥65 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. More than half the participants (55%) were married, 15% had diabetes, 12% had CHD, and fewer than 10% had a stroke. A longitudinal investigation of various risk factors measured at wave 6 (2012-13) was conducted in relation to neurocognitive impairment ascertained with the MMSE ≤24 in 2018. Our results indicate that certain environmental compensatory factors such as education, a marker of cognitive reserve, wealth and psychological wellbeing are relevant determinants of subsequent neurocognitive impairment six years later. These findings are highly informative for the development of interventions aiming to maintain neurocognitive health.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLOCK DRAWING AND COGNITION IN PARKINSON'S

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.82-e4
Author(s):  
Jeremy Cosgrove ◽  
Stuart Jamieson ◽  
Stephen Smith ◽  
Jane Alty
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Cognition

IntroductionClock drawing (CD) requires executive function, attention and visuospatial ability. Our objective was to investigate CD in Parkinson's subjects with and without cognitive impairment.Methods107 subjects completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), classifying into normal cognition (PD-NC – MoCA ≥26) and cognitive impairment (PD-CI–MoCA <26). CD was scored using MoCA criteria; a maximum of 3 points, one each for correct contour, clock face and clock hands.ResultsPD-CI (n=57) and PD-NC were matched for all demographics except age (PD-CI were older, P 0.032). 35% of PD-CI scored full marks compared to 90% of PD-NC (sensitivity 0.64, specificity 0.9, age adjusted-odds ratio for predicting PD-CI 15.63, 95% CI 5.18 – 47.62, P<0.001). 88% of PD-CI scored points for contour and 60% scored points for clock face. In contrast, all PD-NC scored points for contour and clock face (P <0.001). 42% of PD-CI and 90% of PD-NC correctly drew clock hands (P<0.001).ConclusionsIn this cohort, inability to score maximum points for CD was associated with PD-CI. Correctly drawing clock hands was the hardest component for both groups. Incorrect contour or clock face was highly specific for PD-CI.

scholarly journals Validation of neuropsychological tests for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1709-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Meng ◽  
Huali Wang ◽  
John Strauss ◽  
Kenneth M. Langa ◽  
Xinxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Neurocognitive Tests

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare and validate neurocognitive tests in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and to identify appropriate tests to be administered in future waves of CHARLS.Methods:We recruited 825 individuals from the CHARLS sample and 766 subjects from hospitals in six provinces and cities in China. All participants were administered the HCAP-neurocognitive tests, and their informants were interviewed regarding the respondents’ functional status. Trained clinicians administered the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) to assess the respondents’ cognitive status independently.Results:The testing protocol took an average of 58 minutes to complete. Refusal rates for tests of general cognition, episodic memory, and language were less than 10%. All neurocognitive test scores significantly correlated with the CDR global score (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.139 to 0.641). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) - telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS), community screening instrument for dementia (CSI-D) for respondent, episodic memory and language tests each accounted for more than 20% of the variance in global CDR score (p < 0.001) in bivariate tests. In the CHARLS subsample, age and education were associated with neuropsychological performance across most cognitive domains, and with functional status.Conclusion:A brief set of the CHARLS-HCAP neurocognitive tests are feasible and valid to be used in the CHARLS sample and hospital samples. It could be applied in the future waves of the CHARLS study, and it allows estimating the prevalence of dementia in China through the population-based CHARLS.

scholarly journals Loneliness, Social Integration, and Incident Dementia Over 6 Years: Prospective Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snorri Bjorn Rafnsson ◽  
Martin Orrell ◽  
Eleonora d’Orsi ◽  
Eef Hogervorst ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Objectives Social relationships are important for the maintenance of cognitive function at older ages, with both objective features of social networks and perceived social connections (loneliness) being relevant. There is limited evidence about how different aspects of social experience predict diagnosed dementia. Methods The sample comprised 6,677 dementia-free individuals at baseline (2004) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Baseline information on loneliness, number of close relationships, marital status, and social isolation (contact with family and friends and participation in organizations) was analyzed in relation to incident dementia over an average 6.25 years using Cox regression, controlling for potential confounding factors. Results Two hundred twenty participants developed dementia during follow-up. In multivariable analyses, dementia risk was positively related to greater loneliness (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.80, p = .008), and inversely associated with number of close relationships (p &lt; .001) and being married (p = .018). Sensitivity analyses testing for reverse causality and different criteria for diagnosing dementia confirmed the robustness of these findings. There was no association with social isolation. Discussion Dementia risk is associated with loneliness and having fewer close relationships in later life. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, but efforts to enhance older peoples’ relationship quality may be relevant to dementia risk.

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