Informal caregivers in Chile: the equity dimension of an invisible burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Villalobos Dintrans
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care

Abstract Population aging is driving a process of increase in long-term care needs in Chile and many countries around the world. In this context, this article asks about the consequences of this increase in informal caregivers, emphasizing the inequity issues arising from these changes. Using the CASEN 2017 survey, caregivers are identified and matched to people with long-term care needs. Results show that most caregivers are women, and a large fraction of them are also elderly; this is similar to what has been found previously in developed countries. Caregivers have fewer opportunities than non-caregivers, which translates into lower income-generating ability and higher poverty. The nature of these tasks creates a vicious cycle in which people get trapped with increasing needs and fewer resources to meet them. Important differences arise between caregivers and the rest of the population. Even more concerning is that these disparities are avoidable to some extent, adding an equity dimension to the problem. This emphasizes the need for the generation of policies that will support caregivers and meet their needs.

Cross-national data on informal caregivers of older people with long-term care needs in the European population: time for a more coordinated and comparable approach

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aviad Tur-Sinai ◽  
Andrea Teti ◽  
Alexander Rommel ◽  
Valentina Hlebec ◽  
Stecy Yghemonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
European Population ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
European Health ◽  
European Health Interview Survey

Abstract To promote long-term care policies for older adults, accurate mapping of the often invisible and insufficiently recognized role of their informal caregivers is needed. This paper measures the prevalence of informal caregivers in the European population, illustrates current difficulties in gathering unequivocal information on this topic and deals with the scientific and policy implications of the problem. Using the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) and the Study on Health and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), the current difficulties in gathering unequivocal information on this topic are illustrated. In most countries, the share of informal caregivers varies, sometimes markedly, among the three surveys. As for the sex of caregivers, while confirming the well-known higher prevalence of caregivers among women than among men, large variations emerge across the three surveys in most countries in respect of the two sexes. The takeaway message of the paper is that it is urgent to promote international concerted action in gathering comprehensive informal caregiving information and/or exploring in greater depth the different intercultural understandings of informal care itself.

Population Aging and Long-Term Care Needs

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Giles ◽  
Elena Glinskaya ◽  
Yaohui Zhao ◽  
Xinxin Chen ◽  
Yuqing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care

scholarly journals Application of Smart Healthcare in LTCI, Outpatient Mutual-Aid Guarantee Mechanism, and Sustainability of Medical Insurance Fund for Urban Employees

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yating Ren ◽  
Zhe Yang
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Long Run

With the aggravation of population aging and the increase of life expectancy, long-term care insurance (LTCI) system has been established to meet the medical and long-term care needs of the increasing elderly population. In China, LTCI system is currently not a stand-alone insurance, but it is attached to the national basic medical insurance fund for urban employees (MIUE). As a result, the expenditure of LTCI is a part of the expenditure of the MIUE, which has an impact on the sustainability of the MIUE. By modeling the income and expenditure of MIUE, especially including the expenditure of LTCI, this study optimized an LTCI system with a higher individual out-of-pocket payment ratio of LTCI and implementation of the outpatient mutual-aid guarantee mechanism (OMAGM), which could improve the sustainability of the MIUE. The study also reveals the following: (i) solely increasing individual out-of-pocket payment ratio of LTCI to 20%–50% can only postpone the deficit on Social Pooling Accounts (SPAs) by 1 or 2 years, and the effect is very limited. (ii) Besides a higher individual out-of-pocket payment ratio, further implementation of a partial OMAGM from 2022 will postpone the deficit on SPAs by 7–9 years, and the implementation of a complete OMAGM from 2022 will postpone the deficit by 14–18 years. Accordingly, China should implement OMAGM as soon as possible to enhance the solvency of MIUE fund, and, in the long run, an independent LTCI scheme should be established to ensure the stability and sustainability of the LTCI fund and the MIUE fund.

scholarly journals Caring for Thai Older Persons With Long-Term Care Needs

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1516-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Knodel ◽  
Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care

Objective: To provide a situation analysis of recent long-term care (LTC) needs among older persons in Thailand. Method: The 2014 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand (SOPT) provides data to assess patterns of caregiving, whether care needs are met, and who are main caregivers for older Thais. We examine how types of familial and nonfamilial caregivers are associated with the well-being of older persons. Results: The need for LTC increases sharply with age and is more common among women than men. Spouses and children constitute approximately 90% of main caregivers. The association of a family member as the main caregiver and education or value of assets is quite weak underscoring the general normative prescription for family members to serve as care providers. Discussion: Thailand is experiencing acute population aging but empirical evidence to support LTC needs remains lacking. This analysis helps close the gap.

Who Will Care for Our Parents? Changing Boundaries of Family and Public Roles in Providing Care for the Aged in Urban China

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Family Based

The combined effects of more and more elderly Chinese living in empty-nest households and into advanced age pose an unprecedented challenge to the traditional family care for the aged in China and raise concerns about how to provide long-term care for the needy elderly. It has been increasingly recognized that the traditional family-based support system alone is inadequate to cope with rapid social change and population aging in China and that there is an urgent need to explore and develop the role of extrafamilial involvement in meeting the needs of long-term care for the Chinese elderly. This study used the interview data collected in 2001 in the city of Wuhan, and three other surveys on eldercare in Wuhan between 1998 and 2005, to show what eldercare patterns have emerged to cope with the long-term care needs of the urban elderly. More specifically, it describes and discusses three new eldercare patterns: at-home eldercare (jujia yanglao), community-based eldercare (shequ yanglao), and institutional care (yanglao jigou yanglao).

scholarly journals Aging, Dependence, and Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review of Employment Creation

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110624
Author(s):  
Roberto Martinez-Lacoba ◽  
Isabel Pardo-Garcia ◽  
Francisco Escribano-Sotos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Population aging is an economic and social challenge in most countries in the world as it generates higher dependency rates and increased demand for long-term care. Undertaking the care of older dependent adults can result in new opportunities for job creation. There is limited knowledge of the impact of dependent care and long-term care on employment. We examined this impact through a systematic review. Countries with conditional cash benefits show job creation, and countries with unconditional economic benefits reveal the development of a grey care market with high participation of migrant labor. Migrant employment in developed countries affects the development of the labor market in the countries of origin. The employment created to care for dependent persons is generally precarious. In conclusion, global aging will increase long-term care worker demand, but the variations in policies can determine what kind of employment is created.

Informal Caregivers As Long-Term Care Providers: Differential Experiences By Gender

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Navaie-Waliser ◽  
Aubrey L. Spriggs ◽  
Penny H. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care

Health Literacy and Long-Term Care Needs among Thai Elderly in Rural Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315-1324
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Study Results

Background: Factors related to long-term care needs have been studied widely, but there is limited research about the influence of health literacy on long-term care needs among the elderly in rural communities where the social context and care environment are uniquely different. Objective: To examine factors influencing long-term care needs among Thai elderly in rural communities. Materials and Methods: The present study used the cross-sectional design. The study sample included 477 elderly persons, who were members of the communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select participants. They were interviewed using the demographic and health information questionnaire, the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS), the health literacy scale of Thai adults and long-term care needs questionnaire. The selected factors examined as independent variables included some demographic factors, depressive symptom, and health literacy. Results: The present study results revealed significant positive relationships existing between long-term care needs with age and depressive symptom, while negative relationships between income and health literacy were reported. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that four of nine determinants of long-term care needs: age, depressive symptom, health knowledge and understanding, and ability managing their health condition significantly predicted long-term care needs at a level of 18% (R² adjusted=0.18, p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study results showed associations between personal and health literacy factors with long-term care needs. These findings prove that it is vitally important for healthcare professionals to consider the rural elderly’s mental health status and health literacy when providing care and planning treatment. Keywords: Health literacy, Long-term care needs, Rural community

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