Parents' and friends' smoking status as predictors of smoking onset: findings from six European countries

In this chapter, findings from a long-term, cohort-sequential, multigenerational study of cigarette smoking are used to illustrate the importance of a developmental approach for (1) understanding trajectories of smoking behavior (in relation to other forms of tobacco use) and the conditions and challenges of the developmental periods that show transitions in smoking status (particularly adolescent smoking onset and challenges for parents with adolescent children), (2) understanding heterogeneity in these trajectories because differing trajectories may have different etiological underpinnings as well as different implications for the intergenerational transmission of smoking, (3) recognizing that development unfolds within the larger context of societal and historical change and that societal change can influence outcomes, and (4) considering development within a family systems and multigenerational context.

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Employment rate among people aged 50-59, by smoking status, 14 European countries, 2013

Health at a Glance: Europe - Health at a Glance: Europe 2016 ◽

10.1787/health_glance_eur-2016-graph6-en ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

European Countries ◽

Employment Rate

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Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2004598 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 713-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Wael K Al-Delaimy ◽

Anne Linda van Kappel ◽

Pietro Ferrari ◽

Nadia Slimani ◽

Jean-Paul Steghens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

European Countries ◽

Disease Associations ◽

The Uk ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractBackground:In addition to their possible direct biological effects, plasma carotenoids can be used as biochemical markers of fruit and vegetable consumption for identifying diet–disease associations in epidemiological studies. Few studies have compared levels of these carotenoids between countries in Europe.Objective:Our aim was to assess the variability of plasma carotenoid levels within the cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Methods:Plasma levels of six carotenoids – α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin – were measured cross-sectionally in 3043 study subjects from 16 regions in nine European countries. We investigated the relative influence of gender, season, age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake and smoking status on plasma levels of the carotenoids.Results:Mean plasma level of the sum of the six carotenoids varied twofold between regions (1.35μmoll−1for men in Malmö, Sweden vs. 2.79μmoll−1for men in Ragusa/Naples, Italy; 1.61μmoll−1for women in The Netherlands vs. 3.52μmoll−1in Ragusa/Naples, Italy). Mean levels of individual carotenoids varied up to fourfold (α-carotene: 0.06μmoll−1for men in Murcia, Spain vs. 0.25μmoll−1for vegetarian men living in the UK). In multivariate regression analyses, region was the most important predictor of total plasma carotenoid level (partialR2=27.3%), followed by BMI (partialR2=5.2%), gender (partialR2=2.7%) and smoking status (partialR2=2.8%). Females had higher total carotenoid levels than males across Europe.Conclusions:Plasma levels of carotenoids vary substantially between 16 different regions in Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Germany, the UK, Sweden, Denmark and The Netherlands. Compared with region of residence, the other demographic and lifestyle factors and laboratory measurements have limited predictive value for plasma carotenoid levels in Europe.

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Number (median) of sick days in the last 12 months among employed people aged 50-59, by smoking status, 14 European countries, 2013

Health at a Glance: Europe - Health at a Glance: Europe 2016 ◽

10.1787/health_glance_eur-2016-graph13-en ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

European Countries

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Human papillomavirus in non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers in east Asia: A systematic review of the literature.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e18128 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e18128-e18128

Author(s):

Yoshikazu Hasegawa ◽

Masahiko Ando ◽

Akihito Kubo ◽

Shunichi Isa ◽

Satomi Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

East Asia ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Small Cell ◽

European Countries ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Never Smokers

e18128 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in never-smokers has emerged as a global health concern, but its cause is undetermined. Epidemiological studies have shown that the disease is frequently observed in East Asia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been widely investigated in NSCLC, particularly in Asia. However, few studies have focused on regional differences in the prevalence of HPV in NSCLC tissue from never smokers. Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed for articles of HPV infection in human subjects with NSCLC between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 2011. We included studies that used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the primary HPV detection method. Because smoking status was not fully reported in all studies, we contacted the authors by e-mail to supplement this information. Differences in the distribution of patients with and without HPV infection were tested with the Chi squared test. Results: We identified 42 eligible articles, including 21 from Asian countries (N=2095 NSCLC cases), 17 from European countries (N=1430) and 4 from North and South America (N=160). The HPV prevalence was 28.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1-30.0%), 8.7% (95% CI: 7.3-10.3%) and 21.2% (95% CI: 15.2-28.4%), respectively. Seven studies from East Asia (N=939) and 4 from Europe (N=569) provided information on smoking status. The number of never smoker was 314 patients (33.4%) in East Asia and 54 patients (9.5%) in Europe. The HPV prevalence in East Asian countries was similar between never and ever smokers (38.2% vs 39.5%, P=0.94) and was significantly higher compared with European countries, where the prevalence was14.8% in never smokers (P<0.001) and 2.9% in ever smokers (P<0.001). In East Asia, the HPV prevalence was particularly high in Taiwan, the central part of China and Okinawa, south of mainland Japan. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV is high in NSCLC tumor tissues from East Asia. Although the numbers of never smokers from European studies are very small, the different patterns of HPV prevalence from Asian and European countries is intriguing and deserves further study.

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Are the Recommended Taxonomies for the Stages of Youth Smoking Onset Consistent with Youth’s Perceptions of Their Smoking Status?

Can J Public Health ◽

10.1007/bf03405612 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 316-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Scott T. Leatherdale ◽

Paul W. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Youth Smoking ◽

Smoking Onset

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Awareness and use of heated tobacco products among adult smokers in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii78-iii83

Author(s):

Lucia Maria Lotrean ◽

Antigona Trofor ◽

Cornel Radu-Loghin ◽

Marius Eremia ◽

Florin Mihaltan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Smoking Status ◽

European Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Face To Face ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Weighted Data ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Background The study assessed awareness and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and factors that influenced these issues among cigarette smokers from six European countries in 2016 (Wave 1) and 2018 (Wave 2). Methods A survey was conducted among a nationally representative sample of cigarette smokers aged 18 years or older from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain in 2016 (N = 6011) and 2018 (N = 6027; 53% of smokers from the previous wave were retained, regardless of smoking status and dropouts were replaced by a replenishment sample of smokers). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Estimates were produced using weighted data. The study presents the cross-sectional results. Results Awareness of HTPs increased from 8% to 17% between the two waves. At Wave 1, 1.1% of the smokers declared having used HTPs at least once during their lifetime; and at Wave 2, this increased to 1.9% (around 1% or less in four countries, except for Greece and Romania where it was around 4%). Factors associated with HTPs use among those who had ever heard about these products at Wave 1 were country of residence, being a daily cigarette smoker and ever use of electronic cigarettes. At Wave 2, ever use of HTPs was significantly higher among those who had tried to quit smoking combustible cigarettes in the last 12 months, had tried electronic cigarettes during lifetime and perceived HTPs as less dangerous than combustible cigarettes; the country of residence was also associated with HTPs use. Conclusion This study offers insights into the behaviours and perceptions of European adult smokers regarding HTPs, an important emerging issue in the field of tobacco control.

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