scholarly journals Application of age-structured production models to assess oyster Striostrea margaritacea populations managed by rotational harvesting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. de Bruyn ◽  
Coleen L. Moloney ◽  
Michael H. Schleyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Structured

Abstract de Bruyn, P. A., Moloney, C. L., and Schleyer, M. H. 2009. Application of age-structured production models to assess oyster Striostrea margaritacea populations managed by rotational harvesting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. – ICES Journal of Masrine Science, 66: 408–419. Oysters have been harvested in KwaZulu-Natal for more than a century, by both commercial and recreational users. However, management of the resource has been based on ad hoc measures rather than quantitative, defensible management plans. Early in the history of the fishery, a rotational harvesting strategy was employed, but it has changed over time. At present, there are 10 management zones, each fished 2 years out of five, and recreational harvesting is allowed in the year preceding commercial harvesting. To assess the status of the oyster resource as well as the historical levels of exploitation, age-structured production models were applied to the oyster populations in the five North Coast management zones. The model fits to the observed data were good. Oyster abundance differed among zones, with the lowest abundance in the two most northern zones. As these zones had only recently been established, however, the paucity of data renders their assessments uncertain. The southernmost zone had the greatest oyster abundance. The benefits of rotational harvesting were demonstrated by the model outputs, which showed rapid population recovery during fallow years, suggesting sustainability of the resource. It is recommended that rotational harvesting continues to be used to manage oysters in KwaZulu-Natal.

scholarly journals Understanding the Dynamics of Ancillary Pelagic Species in the Adriatic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Angelini ◽  
Enrico N. Armelloni ◽  
Ilaria Costantini ◽  
Andrea De Felice ◽  
Igor Isajlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Production Models ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

The status of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea is critical: most of the fish and shellfish stocks are in overexploitation and only half of them are routinely assessed. This manuscript presents the use of Surplus Production Models (SPMs) as a valid option to increase the number of assessed stocks, with specific attention to the Adriatic basin. Particularly, the stock of European sprat (Sprattus sprattus), Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) living in the Adriatic Sea have been evaluated comparing three SPMs: Catch Maximum Sustainable Yields (CMSY), Stochastic surplus Production model in Continuous Time (SPiCT), and Abundance Maximum Sustainable Yields (AMSY). The different approaches present some variations; however, they generally agree on describing all the stocks close to the reference values for both biomass and fishing mortality in the most recent year. For the European sprat, AMSY results are the most robust model for this species’ survey data allow depicting a clearer picture of the history of this stock. Indeed, for the horse mackerel species, CMSY or SPiCT results are the preferred models, since for these species landings are not negligible. Notwithstanding, age-structured assessments remain the most powerful approach for evaluating the status of resources, but SPMs have proved to be a powerful tool in a data-limited context.

The Legal Status of Local Government in South Africa under the New Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The history of local government in South Africa dates back to a time during the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. With regard to the status of local government, the Union of South Africa Act placed local government under the jurisdiction of the provinces. The status of local government was not changed by the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 because local government was placed under the further jurisdiction of the provinces. Local government was enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa arguably for the first time in 1993. Under the interim Constitution local government was rendered autonomous and empowered to regulate its affairs. Local government was further enshrined in the final Constitution of 1996, which commenced on 4 February 1997. The Constitution refers to local government together with the national and provincial governments as spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated. This article discusses the autonomy of local government under the 1996 Constitution. This it does by analysing case law on the evolution of the status of local government. The discussion on the powers and functions of local government explains the scheme by which government powers are allocated, where the 1996 Constitution distributes powers to the different spheres of government. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the legal status of local government within the new constitutional dispensation.

scholarly journals Battlefields Tourism: The status of heritage tourism in Dundee, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton David van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Residents

Abstract Heritage tourism is a significant contemporary facet of tourism in many developing countries. This paper analyses the economic opportunities for battlefield- heritage tourism in South Africa by examining the battlefields route within KwaZulu-Natal. Through structured interviews with stakeholders and structured questionnaires with visitors and local residents, this research explores the understanding of heritage tourism as well as perceptions of its influence on the physical landscape and gauges the importance of this form of tourism as a driver for local economic development in South Africa. Dundee, a small coal-mining town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - where several battlefields are found, is used as a case study. The study demonstrates that several issues need to be addressed if this niche of cultural and heritage tourism is to be a sustainable and responsible form of tourism in South Africa.

scholarly journals A semiotic investigation of the graphic imagery by pioneer tattoo artists in KwaZulu-Natal with special reference to the Ramesar brothers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rory Van As
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Visual Semiotics ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study focuses on the graphic imagery of tattoo artists in KwaZulu-­‐Natal with special reference to the Ramesar brothers. Various visual communication practices and theories are drawn upon to explain the imagery created by them. The literature review chapters of this study cover a brief history of primarily Western tattooing practices, as well as a discussion of the meaning of tattoos from a visual semiotics perspective. The fieldwork component of the study involved conducting and analysing a series of qualitative in-­‐depth interviews with interviewees who were either tattooed by, or are family members of, the Ramesar brothers. The purpose of the interviews was to explore the personal experiences and motivations that contributed to the work of these tattoo artists. The study contributes to visual studies in South Africa in the sense that the empirical data confirm the pioneer status of the Ramesar brothers as graphic artists.

scholarly journals Obstetric outcomes and antenatal access among adolescent pregnancies in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Trishka Govender ◽  
P Reddy ◽  
S Ghuman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancies ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Pregnancy among adolescents in South Africa is a growing concern as it may be associated with adverse socioeconomic and health impacts. Timeous initiation and optimal utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) services is imperative to ensure positive pregnancy outcomes. However, this is not always possible owing to various challenges. Methods: A multi-method study design using both retrospective record review and qualitative interviews was undertaken at a district hospital on the North Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data on ANC attendance trends and obstetric/perinatal outcomes for all recorded adolescent pregnancies (13–16 years) at the district hospital under study was collected over 3 years (2011–2013) (n = 314). Qualitative interviews with randomly selected pregnant adolescents were conducted to assess experiences of ANC access and utilisation. Results: Late ANC booking and reduced ANC visits were common for adolescent pregnancies. Under-utilisation of ANC (i.e. less than 4 visits) was significantly associated with lower gestational age (< 37 weeks) (OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.04; 6.74; p < 0.05). Low birthweight, low Apgar scores as well as the incidence of maternal anaemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were found to be related to late ANC booking. In-depth interviews suggested that teenagers suffered emotional vulnerability linked to family, partner and financial support. They discussed various barriers linked with accessing ANC while acknowledging perceived benefits. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy was associated with late booking and reduced ANC visits, which was a risk for adverse maternal health outcomes. In-depth interviews suggested numerous challenges associated with ANC access including; financial barriers, attitude of healthcare workers (HCWs), long queues, distance travelled to access ANC services, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and a lack of knowledge. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.133378

scholarly journals The status of and some notes on the Gaboon adder Bitis gabonica in northern KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa and southern Mozambique

Koedoe ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Status

A lot of work has been carried out on the Gaboon adder (Bitis gabonica) in KwaZulu/Natal (see Botbijl 1994a, 1994b), but the status of the snake has remained unclear.

scholarly journals ‘They say we are crèche teachers’: Experiences of pre-service mathematics teachers taught through the medium of isiZulu

Pythagoras ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Van Laren ◽  
Busisiwe Goba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Teachers Experiences ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Status

Language of instruction, both in schools and higher education institutions (HEIs), is a contentious issue in South Africa. At our university in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa a language policy was approved in agreement with the Language Policy for Higher Education, recommending promotion of isiZulu as a medium of instruction for teaching and learning. In complying with this policy the School of Education of our university offered three education modules (Numeracy, Life Skills and Literacy) in the Foundation Phase (FP) Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) through the medium of isiZulu. Against this background we conducted a qualitative study with 16 FP PGCE pre-service teachers selected purposefully from the 2011 cohort who completed the FP numeracy education module in isiZulu. Participants were generally positive about their experiences of being taught in isiZulu, but highlighted challenges related to isiZulu as a medium of instruction for academic concept explanations, translation of teaching and learning materials, and the status of isiZulu as an instruction medium at a HEI.

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