scholarly journals 1261Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Japan, 2017–2018: results from the nationwide survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Ae ◽  
Nobuko Makino ◽  
Koki Kosami ◽  
Yuri Matsubara ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics

Abstract Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired pediatric heart disease in developed countries. The study aimed to summarize the epidemiologic characteristics, treatments, and cardiac complications of KD, using data from the nationwide survey in Japan. Methods The nationwide survey in Japan has been conducted biennially since 1970. The survey respondents were hospitals specializing in pediatrics and those with ≥100 beds and a pediatric department throughout Japan, where KD patients were eventually hospitalized. The most recent survey was completed in 2019, obtaining information for patients who developed KD during 2017–2018. Results The survey identified 32528 KD patients, which comprised 15164 (47%) in 2017 and 17364 (53%) in 2018. The highest annual incidence rate was recorded in 2018 (359 per 100,000 children aged 0–4 years). After 1982, patients with ≤4 principal KD signs increased, resulting in 6847 (21%) patients diagnosed during 2017–2018. Among 30784 patients who received initial intravenous immunoglobulin administration, 6061 (20%) did not respond. Within 30 days of KD onset, 9.0% of patients were diagnosed with cardiac complications, and consequently, 2.6% of patients developed cardiac sequelae after the acute illness. Conclusions The annual number of patients developing KD in Japan increased from 1970 through 2018, while the proportion of KD patients with cardiac complications decreased. Recent advances in KD treatments might have contributed to preventing the development of cardiac complications. Key messages We analyzed large-scale data and summarized the epidemiologic characteristics, treatments, and cardiac complications of KD in Japan.

Epidemiology, Treatments, and Cardiac Complications in Patients with Kawasaki Disease: The Nationwide Survey in Japan, 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 23-29.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Ae ◽  
Nobuko Makino ◽  
Koki Kosami ◽  
Masanari Kuwabara ◽  
Yuri Matsubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cardiac Complications

scholarly journals The transition in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma-complicated liver cirrhosis in a nationwide survey of Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirayuki Enomoto ◽  
◽  
Yoshiyuki Ueno ◽  
Yoichi Hiasa ◽  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Real Number ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
The Real ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Viral Etiologies

Abstract Background We recently reported the real-world changes in the etiologies of liver cirrhosis (LC) based on nationwide survey data and assessed the etiologies of LC with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Fifty-five participants from 68 institutions provided data on 23,637 patients with HCC-complicated LC. The changing trends in etiologies were assessed. We further analyzed the data from 29 hospitals that provided the annual number of newly identified HCC-complicated LC patients from 2008 to 2016 (N = 9362) without any missing years and assessed the transition in the real number of newly identified HCC-complicated LC cases. Results In the overall cohort, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (60.3%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (12.9%) were the leading and third-most common causes of HCC-complicated LC in Japan, respectively. HCV infection was found to be the leading cause throughout Japan. The rate of viral hepatitis-related HCC decreased from 85.3 to 64.4%. Among non-viral etiologies, notable increases were observed in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC (from 1.5 to 7.2%) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-related HCC (from 8.5 to 18.6%). Regarding the real number of newly diagnosed patients, the number of patients with viral hepatitis-related HCC decreased, while the number of patients with non-viral HCC, particularly NASH-related HCC, increased. Conclusions Viral hepatitis has remained the main cause of HCC in Japan. However, the decrease in viral hepatitis-related HCC, particularly HCV-related HCC highly contributed to the etiological changes. In addition, the increased incidence of non-viral HCC, particularly NASH-related HCC, was involved in the changing etiologies of HCC-complicated LC in Japan.

Abstract WMP98: A Nationwide Study of Non-traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: J-Aspect Study

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Kurogi ◽  
Kunihiro Nishimura ◽  
Akiko Kada ◽  
Satoru Kamitani ◽  
Kuniaki Ogasawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Background and purpose: The incidence of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) during treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is lower than that during warfarin treatment. The characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage during DOAC therapy, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a nationwide survey in Japan to examine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of DOAC-associated ICH using data obtained from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC)-based Payment System. Methods: We analyzed the data of 1,567 patients with ICH (DOAC-associated ICH, 88; warfarin-associated ICH, 1,479) who were urgently hospitalized at 575 institutions across Japan from April 2010 to March 2013 for whom prescription data before admission were available. Results: The annual number of patients with all anticoagulant (DOAC or warfarin)- associated ICH in each year from 2010 to 2013 was 226, 252, 426, and 663, representing 15.7%, 15.4%, 16.1%, and 16.1% of all ICH cases in the same period, respectively. There was an increase in the proportion of patients who presented with DOAC-associated ICH in all anticoagulant-associated ICH in each year from 2010 to 2013 (0%→0.4%→3.8%→10.7%). The proportion of patients with impaired consciousness (three-digit score on Japan Coma Scale) at admission (DOAC, 19.3%; Warfarin, 25.4%; P=0.20), in-hospital mortality within 7 days (DOAC, 11.4%; Warfarin, 19.5%; P=0.06), and mRS score of 5-6 at discharge (DOAC, 27.3%; Warfarin, 37.4%; P=0.06) were lower in the patients with DOAC-associated ICH. The rates of surgery for hematoma removal were significantly lower in the patients with DOAC-associated ICH (NOAC, 2.3%; Warfarin, 9.7%; P=0.019). Conclusions: This is the largest nationwide study of DOAC-associated ICH in a real-world situation in Japan, revealing that the patients with DOAC-associated ICH had better clinical outcomes compared with warfarin-associated ICH, probably due to milder hemorrhage at admission.

scholarly journals Blood pressure-lowering medicines implemented in 12 African countries: the cross-sectional multination EIGHT study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049632
Author(s):  
Pauline Cavagna ◽  
Jean Laurent Takombe ◽  
Jean Marie Damorou ◽  
Charles Kouam Kouam ◽  
Ibrahima Bara Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Scale Data

ObjectiveIn Africa, the number of patients with hypertension is expected to reach 216.8 million by 2030. Large-scale data on antihypertensive medications used in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are scarce.Here, we describe antihypertensive drug strategies and identify treatment factors associated with blood pressure (BP) control in 12 Sub-Saharan countries.SettingOutpatient consultations for hypertension in urban tertiary cardiology centres of 29 hospitals from 17 cities across 12 SSA countries between January 2014 and November 2015.ParticipantsPatients ≥18 years of age with hypertension were enrolled at any visit during outpatient consultations in the cardiology departmentsMain outcome measureWe collected BP levels, demographic characteristics and antihypertensive treatment use (including traditional medicine) of patients with hypertension attending outpatient visits. BP control was defined as seated office BP <140/90 mm Hg. We used logistic regression with a random effect on countries to assess factors of BP control.ResultsOverall, 2198 hypertensive patients were included and a total of 96.6% (n=2123) were on antihypertensive medications. Among treated patients, 653 (30.8%) patients received a monotherapy by calcium channel blocker (n=324, 49.6%), renin–angiotensin system blocker (RAS) (n=126, 19.3%) or diuretic (n=122, 18.7%). Two-drug strategies were prescribed in 927 (43.6%) patients including mainly diuretics and RAS (n=327, 42% of two-drug strategies). Prescriptions of three-drugs or more were used in 543 (25.6%) patients. Overall, among treated patients, 1630 (76.7%) had uncontrolled BP, of whom 462 (28.3%) had BP levels ≥180/110 mm Hg, mainly in those on monotherapy. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, the use of traditional medicine was the only factor significantly associated with uncontrolled BP (OR 1.72 (1.19 to 2.49) p<0.01).ConclusionOur study provided large-scale data on antihypertensive prescriptions in the African continent. Among patients declared adherent to drugs, poor BP control was significantly associated with the use of traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and feasibility of convalescent blood transfusion to reduce COVID-19 fatality ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202248
Author(s):  
Xi Huo ◽  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
Nicola Bragazzi ◽  
Jianhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Second Wave

Background: As of December 2020, COVID-19 has spread all over the world with more than 81 million cases and more than 1.8 million deaths. The rapidly increasing number of patients mandates the consideration of potential treatments for patients under severe and critical conditions. Convalescent plasma (CP) treatment refers to the approach of infusing patients with plasma from recently recovered patients. CP appears to be a possible therapeutic option to manage patients suffering from severe or even lethal infectious disorders, in which ‘traditional therapies’ have failed to obtain any result. Methods: In the present study, we develop a mathematical model on the treatment-donation-stockpile dynamics for an optimal implementation of CP therapy to examine potential benefits and complications in the logistic realization of this therapy in a large-scale population. We parametrize the model with COVID-19 epidemics in Italy, and conduct scenario analyses to estimate outcomes of population-wide CP therapy and to examine the maximum number of CP donation processions per day. Results: Under the assumption that the efficacy of CP is 90%, we show that by the end of year 2020, initiating the population-wide CP therapy from April 2020 can save as many as 19 215 lives (ranging from 5000 to 28 000 depending on donor availability), while the demand for apheresis use is manageable in all scenarios: the maximum daily demand is 156 (ranging from 27 to 519 depending on donor availability) for the first outbreak wave and 1434 (ranging from 224 to 4817 depending on donor availability) for the second wave. Given that Italy has 61 centres with apheresis this maximum demand level corresponds to a daily average of 2.5 and 23.5 processions of CP donation being performed by each centre with respect to each outbreak wave. Conclusions: Our analyses show that population-wide CP therapy can contribute to curbing COVID-19-related deaths, and the logistic implementation is feasible for developed countries. The reduction of deaths can be very significant if the CP therapy is started earlier in the outbreak, and remains significant even if it is implemented during the outbreak peak time.

Data Mining Prospects in Mobile Social Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebeyehu Belay Gebremeskel ◽  
Zhongshi He ◽  
Huazheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fundamental Insight

Unable to accommodating new technologies, including social technology, mobile devices and computing are other potential problems, which are significant challenges to social-networking service. The very broad range of such social-networking challenges and problems are demanding advanced and dynamic tools. Therefore, in this chapter, we introduced and discussed data mining prospects to overcome the traditional social-networking challenges and problems, which led to optimization of MSNs application and performances. The proposed method infers defining and investigating social-networking problems using data mining techniques and algorithms based on the large-scale data. The approach is also exploring the possible potential of users and systems contexts, which leads to mine the personal contexts such as the users’ locations and situations from the mobile logs. In these sections, we discussed and introduced new ideas on social technologies, data mining techniques and algorithm’s prospects, social technology’s key functional and performances, which include social analysis, security and fraud detections by presenting a brief analysis, and modeling based descriptions. The approach also empirically discussed using the real survey data, which the result showed how data mining vitally significant to explore MSNs performance and its crosscutting impacts. Finally, this chapter provides fundamental insight to researchers and practitioners who need to know data mining prospects and techniques to analyze large, complex and frequently changing data. This chapter is also providing a state-of-the-art of data mining techniques and algorithm’s dynamic prospects.

scholarly journals Lifetime cardiovascular management of patients with previous Kawasaki disease

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brogan ◽  
Jane C Burns ◽  
Jacqueline Cornish ◽  
Vinod Diwakar ◽  
Despina Eleftheriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
The Uk

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory disorder of young children, associated with vasculitis of the coronary arteries with subsequent aneurysm formation in up to one-third of untreated patients. Those who develop aneurysms are at life-long risk of coronary thrombosis or the development of stenotic lesions, which may lead to myocardial ischaemia, infarction or death. The incidence of KD is increasing worldwide, and in more economically developed countries, KD is now the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. However, many clinicians in the UK are unaware of the disorder and its long-term cardiac complications, potentially leading to late diagnosis, delayed treatment and poorer outcomes. Increasing numbers of patients who suffered KD in childhood are transitioning to the care of adult services where there is significantly less awareness and experience of the condition than in paediatric services. The aim of this document is to provide guidance on the long-term management of patients who have vascular complications of KD and guidance on the emergency management of acute coronary complications. Guidance on the management of acute KD is published elsewhere.

Incidence of haematological malignancies in adults in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county between 1983 and 2012. The figures of a thirty-year period – an analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (47) ◽  
pp. 1858-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Jakó ◽  
László Szerafin ◽  
Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Haematological Disorders ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: In their previous work the authors reported 25 years’ findings on the incidence of haematological malignancies in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hungary. However, there are no other studies on this topic available in Hungary. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze the incidence of malignant haematological disorders between 1983 and 2012 using data obtained from the leukaemia/lymphoma registry of the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. Method: Between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 2012, 3964 adult patients with newly diagnosed haematological malignancy were recorded in the registry. Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or monoclonal gammopathy were not registered. Results: The annual number of newly diagnosed patients indicated an increasing tendency of malignant haematological disorders. The increase was primarily due to the increasing number of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and essential thrombocythaemia. Conclusions: These observations are in line with data reported in the international literature. The incidence rate of haematological malignancies in this region of Hungary was similar to data published in populations from Western European countries and the United States. Orv. Hetil., 154(47), 1858–1864.

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