scholarly journals Happy Mother’s Day? Maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Single Intervention ◽  
Mother’S Day ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Evidence Based Care ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract At least 800 women die each day during pregnancy or birth and more than 15 000 babies each day are stillborn or die in the first month of life. Almost all of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Many more women and babies are known to suffer morbidity as a result of pregnancy and childbirth. However, reliable estimates of the burden of physical, psychological and social morbidity and comorbidity during and after pregnancy are not available. Although there is no single intervention or ‘magic bullet’ that would reduce mortality and improve health, there are evidence-based care packages which are defined and agreed internationally. A functioning health system with care available and accessible for everyone at all times is required to ensure women and babies survive and thrive.

PP124 Health Technology Assessment And Feedback For Healthy Workplace Culture In Malaria Care In Low And Middle Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Patrick Okwen ◽  
Raphael Cheabum ◽  
Etienne Che ◽  
Joy Ngwemsi Mbunu ◽  
Miriam Nkangu
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Percent Improvement ◽  
Evidence Based Care ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Introduction:Malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Management of malaria in children under five years of age is challenging. One challenge faced by clinical practice in LMICs is lack of evidence to guide practice. This challenge is further compounded by different training backgrounds of team members. In the management of malaria in Cameroon, conflicts usually arise between clinicians, lab technicians and pharmacists resulting in over diagnosis and treatment of malaria. The patient's view is usually not considered. This leads to over diagnosis and over prescriptions for malaria in children under five years of age.Methods:We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach of getting research into practice to organize stakeholder meetings, assess existing evidence in malaria care, develop evidence criteria for management based on levels of evidence, assess the gamut of care for malaria, provide feedback to clinicians and re-assess practice. We used the JBI practical application of clinical evidence system (PACES) and getting research into practice (GRiP) evidence implementation tools in the process to facilitate teamwork, collaboration on evidence and provide feedback.Results:A collaborative approach to assessments and feedback including all healthcare stakeholders significantly improved workplace culture of evidence-based care and staff-to-staff relationships as well as staff-to-patient relationships. Over a period of twelve months, we reported eighty-four percent fewer conflicts between staff and ninety-eight percent fewer conflicts between staff and patients. For malaria management, overall criteria showed a thirty-one percent improvement in compliance with best practice recommendations with evidence levels of Grade 1.Conclusions:The project demonstrated that local leadership and evidence-based care can significantly improve practice in resource limited settings.

Oxford Textbook of Global Health of Women, Newborns, Children, and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Maternal morbidity describes complications during pregnancy and childbirth that are a leading cause of death, disability, and ill health among women of reproductive age, especially in low and middle-income countries. With the introduction of the new Sustainable Development Goals, the scope of global maternal health targets has been expanded, moving from a focus on preventing maternal mortality to formulating targets and emphasising the importance of maternal health and well-being. This book introduces the new concept of maternal morbidity, suggests how this relates to maternal mortality, summarises what is known about the burden of maternal morbidity globally and what interventions and research are needed to improve maternal health during and after pregnancy, with an emphasis on the context of low and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat respiratory distress in newborns in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Emmanuel Dewez ◽  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Severe respiratory distress is a serious complication common to the three major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity (prematurity, intra-partum-related hypoxia and infections). In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 20% of babies presenting with severe respiratory distress die. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), is an effective intervention for respiratory distress in newborns and widely used in high-income countries. Following the development of simple, safe and relatively inexpensive CPAP devices, there is potential for large-scale implementation in the developing world. In this article, we describe existing CPAP systems and present a review of the current literature examining the effectiveness of CPAP compared to standard care (oxygen) in newborns with respiratory distress. We also discuss the evidence gap which needs to be addressed prior to its integration into health systems in LMICs.

scholarly journals Maternal Morbidity and Co-morbidity During and After Pregnancy in Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary McCauley ◽  
Shamsa Zafar ◽  
Nynke van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract BackgroundFor every maternal death, it is estimated that 20 or 30 women have morbidity related to pregnancy or childbirth. The majority of this burden of disease is in women living in low and middle income countries. Maternal morbidity includes physical, psychological and social ill-health. There is limited data on the strength of association between these co-morbidities. In order to address all health needs that a woman may have when attending for maternity care, it is important to be able to identify all types of co-morbidities and understand how each co-morbidity influences other aspects of a woman’s health and wellbeing during and after pregnancy.MethodsWe systematically reviewed published literature, in English, describing measurement of two or more types of maternal morbidity, and/or associations between co-morbidities, during or after pregnancy and childbirth for women living in low- and middle-income countries. CINAHL plus, Global Health, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched from 2007-2018. Outcomes were descriptions, occurrence of maternal co-morbidities, and associations between these co-morbidities. Narrative analysis was conducted.Results38 papers reporting on 36 studies were included (71,229 women; 60,911 during and 10,318 after pregnancy from 17 countries). The majority of studies (26/36) were cross-sectional surveys. Self-reported physical ill-health was documented in 26 studies but there was no standardised data collection tool used. In total, physical morbidity was included in 28 studies; psychological morbidity in 32 studies and social morbidity in 27 studies; with 3 studies assessing association between all three types of morbidity and 30 studies assessing association between two types of morbidity. In four studies, clinical examination and/or basic laboratory investigations were also conducted. There is reported association between physical and psychological morbidity (four studies); and association between psychological and social morbidity (six studies). Domestic violence increases risk of physical ill-health (two studies).ConclusionsThere is a lack of standardised, comprehensive and routine measurements and tools used to assess the burden maternal morbidity and co-morbidity in women during and after pregnancy. There is emerging data to suggest strong associations between the different types of morbidity.

Injury Prevention Research and Global Child Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 339-358
Author(s):  
Nichole L. Hodges ◽  
Gary A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
High Income ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Injuries are a leading cause of death and disability among children throughout the world. It is estimated that 735,500 children and teens younger than 20 years die from unintentional injuries annually. Although injuries are one of the most common causes of pediatric mortality globally, they do not affect all regions of the world equally. Low- and middle-income countries not only experience pediatric injuries at a much higher rate than high-income countries, but they also have greater total injury-related mortality and morbidity. An estimated 97% of all pediatric unintentional injury-related deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. This chapter will describe the global public health burden and leading causes of unintentional injuries to children. We will also discuss the application of the public health approach and the principles of injury prevention to child injury. Best practices and case studies will be presented to highlight innovative research studies and evidence-based injury prevention strategies that have been implemented in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The chapter closes with an overview of current research gaps and suggestions for advancing the field. This chapter will not discuss intentional injury specifically, which, in the editors’ assessment, deserves a detailed and comprehensive thesis— not achievable in a single chapter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document