scholarly journals Birth weight affects body protein retention but not nitrogen efficiency in the later life of pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola M C van der Peet-Schwering ◽  
Lisanne M G Verschuren ◽  
Mette S Hedemann ◽  
Gisabeth P Binnendijk ◽  
Alfons J M Jansman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
N Retention ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Abstract Exploring factors that might affect nitrogen (N) efficiency in pigs could support the development of precision feeding concepts. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of birth weight (BiW) on N retention, N efficiency, and concentrations of metabolites in plasma and urine related to N efficiency in male pigs of 14 wk of age. BiW of the low BiW (LBW) and high BiW (HBW) pigs was 1.11 ± 0.14 and 1.79 ± 0.12 kg, respectively. Twenty LBW and 20 HBW pigs were individually housed in metabolism cages and were subjected to an N balance study in two sequential periods of 5 d, after an 11-d adaptation period. Pigs were assigned to a protein adequate (A) or protein restricted (R, 70% of A) regime in a change-over design and fed restrictedly 2.8 times the energy requirements for maintenance. Nontargeted metabolomics analyses were performed in urine and blood plasma samples. The N retention in g/d was higher in the HBW than in the LBW pigs (P < 0.001). The N retention in g/(kg BW0.75·d) and N efficiency (= 100% × N retention / N intake), however, were not affected by BiW of the pigs. Moreover, fecal digestibility of N and urinary concentration of N and urea were not affected by BiW of the pigs. The concentration of insulin (P = 0.08) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1;P = 0.05) in blood plasma was higher in HBW pigs, whereas the concentration of α-amino N tended to be lower in HBW pigs (P = 0.06). The LBW and HBW pigs could not be discriminated based on the plasma and urinary metabolites retrieved by nontargeted metabolomics. Restricting dietary protein supply decreased N retention (P < 0.001), N efficiency (P = 0.07), fecal N digestibility (P < 0.001), urinary concentration of N and urea (P < 0.001), and concentration of urea (P < 0.001), IGF-1 (P < 0.001), and α-amino N (P < 0.001) in blood plasma. The plasma and urinary metabolites differing between dietary protein regime were mostly amino acids (AA) or their derivatives, metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and glucuronidated compounds, almost all being higher in the pigs fed the A regime. This study shows that BiW affects absolute N retention but does not affect N efficiency in growing pigs. Therefore, in precision feeding concepts, BiW of pigs should be considered as a factor determining protein deposition capacity but less as a trait determining N efficiency.

scholarly journals The effects of birth weight and estimated breeding value for protein deposition on nitrogen efficiency in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M C van der Peet-Schwering ◽  
L M G Verschuren ◽  
R Bergsma ◽  
M S Hedemann ◽  
G P Binnendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Estimated Breeding Value

Abstract The effects of birth weight (BiW) (low BiW (LBW) vs high BiW (HBW)) and estimated breeding value for protein deposition (EBV) (low EBV (LBV) vs high EBV (HBV)) on N retention, N efficiency and concentrations of metabolites in plasma and urine related to N efficiency in growing pigs were studied. At an age of 14 weeks, 10 LBW-LBV (BiW: 1.07 + 0.09 (SD) kg; EBV: -2.52 + 3.97 g/d, compared to an average crossbred pig with a protein deposition of 165 g/d), 10 LBW-HBV (BiW: 1.02 + 0.13 kg; EBV: 10.47 + 4.26 g/d), 10 HBW-LBV (BiW: 1.80 + 0.13 kg; EBV: -2.15 + 2.28 g/d), and 10 HBW-HBV (BiW: 1.80 + 0.15 kg; EBV: 11.18 + 3.68 g/d), male growing pigs were allotted to the experiment. The pigs were individually housed in metabolism cages and were subjected to a N balance study in two sequential periods of 5 d, after a 11-d dietary adaptation period. Pigs were assigned to a protein adequate (A) or protein restricted (R, 70% of A) regime in a change-over design. Pigs were fed 2.8 times the energy requirements for maintenance. Non-targeted metabolomics analyses were performed in urine and blood plasma samples. The N retention (in g/d) was higher in the HBW than in the LBW pigs (P < 0.001). The N retention (in g/(kg BW 0.75.d)) and N efficiency, however, were not affected by BiW of the pigs. The N retention (P = 0.04) and N efficiency (P = 0.04) were higher in HBV than in LVB pigs on the A regime, but were not affected by EBV in pigs on the R regime. Restricting the dietary protein supply with 30% decreased the N retention (P < 0.001) but increased the N efficiency (P = 0.003). Non-targeted metabolomics showed that a hexose, free amino acids (AA) and lysophosphatidylcholines were the most important metabolites in plasma for the discrimination between HBV and LBV pigs, whereas metabolites of microbial origin contributed to the discrimination between HBV and LBV pigs in urine. This study shows that BiW does not affect N efficiency in later life of pigs. Nitrogen efficiency and N retention were higher in HBV than in LBV pigs on the A regime, but similar in HBV and LBV pigs on the R regime. In precision feeding concepts aiming to further optimize protein and AA efficiency in pigs, the variation in EBV for protein deposition of pigs should be considered as a factor determining N retention, growth performance and N-efficiency.

EFFECT OF SALINOMYCIN ON NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND RETENTION BY GROWING PIGS FED CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS WITH OR WITHOUT OAT HULLS OR WHEAT BRAN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. MOORE ◽  
E. T. KORNEGAY ◽  
M. D. LINDEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet

Four balance trials were conducted to determine the effect of the antibiotic salinomycin (SM) on nitrogen (N) and energy utilization and fiber component digestibility by swine fed low- or high-fiber diets. Treatments were corn-soybean meal control (C), 10% oat hull (OH) and 20% wheat bran (WB) diets, each with or without SM (82 mg kg−1). In trial 1A, 12 female pigs (34.6 kg) were fed the C or WB diets with or without SM for a 9-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d feces and urine collection period. In trial IB, the same pigs (50.5 kg) were fed the C or OH diets with previous fiber and SM levels reversed. Trial 2 was conducted in a similar fashion with the order of the fiber sources fed reversed (OH in trial 2A, 32.3 kg; WB in trial 2B, 44.7 kg). SM increased apparent N digestibility and N absorption (P < 0.01) in the WB trials, but also increased (P < 0.05) urine N and thus SM did not affect N retention. Although apparent N absorption was decreased (P < 0.06) by SM in the OH trials, this largely reflected a lower N intake (P < 0.02) and SM did not alter N retention. SM did not alter apparent energy utilization by pigs fed the C or OH diets, but increased the coefficients for DE and ME (P < 0.01) and dry matter (DM) digestibility (P < 0.05) of pigs fed the WB diets. Both OH and WB decreased apparent N digestibility (P < 0.01), but did not affect N retention (P > 0.10). OH and WB decreased (P < 0.01) energy digestibility. Digestion coefficients for DM, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose and hemi-cellulose were not affected by SM, but were depressed by OH and WB (P < 0.01). Estimated DM digestibilities (calculated by difference) for OH and WB were 4.9% and 61.3%, respectively. The data indicate that SM may influence energy and N utilization in pigs fed a degradable source of fiber (WB), but not in pigs fed a low-fiber diet (C) or a diet containing a high-fiber ingredient resistant to fermentation (OH). This suggests that SM may alter microbial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Key words: Swine, fiber, salinomycin, nitrogen utilization, energy utilization

scholarly journals Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Blood Plasma among Swedish Female Fish consumers in Relation to Low Birth Weight

1998 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rylander ◽  
U. Stromberg ◽  
E. Dyremark ◽  
C. Ostman ◽  
P. Nllsson-Ehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
In Blood Plasma

scholarly journals Effects of the amount and quality of dietary protein on nitrogen metabolism and protein turnover of pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fuller ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
A. Cadenhead ◽  
B. Seve ◽  
T. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
N Retention

1. The interrelations between protein accretion and whole-body protein turnover were studied by varying the quantity and quality of protein given to growing pigs.2. Diets with 150 or 290g lysine-deficient protein/kg were given in hourly meals, with or without lysine supplementation, to female pigs (mean weight 47 kg).3. After the animals were adapted to the diets, a constant infusion of [14C]urea was given intra-arterially for 30 h, during the last 6 h of which an infusion of [4,5-3H] leucine was also infused at a constant rate. At the same time, yeast-protein labelled with15N was given in the diet for 50 h.4. The rate of urea synthesis was estimated from the specific radioactivity (SR) of plasma urea. The rate of leucine flux was estimated from the SR of plasma leucine. The irrevocable breakdown of leucine was estimated from the3H-labelling of body water. Total N flux was estimated from the16N-labelling of urinary urea.5. Addition of lysine to the low-protein diet significantly increased N retention, with a substantial reduction in leucine breakdown, but there was no significant change in the flux of leucine or of total N.6. Increasing the quantity of the unsupplemented protein also increased N retention significantly, with concomitant increases in leucine breakdown and in the fluxes of leucine and of total N.7. It is concluded that a doubling of protein accretion brought about by the improvement of dietary protein quality is not necessarily associated with an increased rate of whole-body protein turnover.

scholarly journals Induced lung inflammation and dietary protein supply affect nitrogen retention and amino acid metabolism in growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Kampman-van de Hoek ◽  
Panagiotis Sakkas ◽  
Walter J. J. Gerrits ◽  
Joost J. G. C. van den Borne ◽  
Carola M. C. van der Peet-Schwering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Protein Supply

It is hypothesised that during immune system activation, there is a competition for amino acids (AA) between body protein deposition and immune system functioning. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of immune system activation on N retention and AA metabolism in growing pigs, depending on dietary protein supply. A total of sixteen barrows received an adequate (Ad) or restricted (Res) amount of dietary protein, and were challenged at day 0 with intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). At days − 5, 3 and 8, an irreversible loss rate (ILR) of eight AA was determined. CFA successfully activated the immune system, as indicated by a 2- to 4-fold increase in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APP). Pre-challenge C-reactive protein concentrations were lower (P< 0·05) and pre- and post-challenge albumin tended to be lower in Res-pigs. These findings indicate that a restricted protein supply can limit the acute-phase response. CFA increased urinary N losses (P= 0·04) and tended to reduce N retention in Ad-pigs, but not in Res-pigs (P= 0·07). The ILR for Val was lower (P= 0·05) at day 8 than at day 3 in the post-challenge period. The ILR of most AA, except for Trp, were strongly affected by dietary protein supply and positively correlated with N retention. The correlations between the ILR and APP indices were absent or negative, indicating that changes in AA utilisation for APP synthesis were either not substantial or more likely outweighed by a decrease in muscle protein synthesis during immune system activation in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Inulin-type fructans trigger changes in iron concentration and activity of bone metabolism biomarkers in blood plasma of growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepczyński ◽  
A. Herosimczyk ◽  
M. Barszcz ◽  
M. Ożgo ◽  
M. Taciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
In Blood Plasma
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document