PSXII-16 Fertility affects in yearling beef heifers grazing triticale before artificial insemination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
Sandy Johnson ◽  
John Holman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Condition Change ◽  
Angus Heifers

Abstract Our objective was to compare two systems of pre-breeding heifer development, drylot (D) or grazing winter triticale (T) on heifer fertility. In each of 4 years (yr), Black Angus heifers (n = 168, 86, 97 and 103, respectively) were allotted to treatment (trt) 32 to 50 days (d) prior to artificial insemination (AI). Each year a 14-d CIDR PG protocol was used to synchronize estrus (d-30 to d-16: 1.38 g progesterone intravaginal insert, CIDR; d 0: 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine injection; + 66 hours: 100 µg gonadorelin hydrochloride injection, and AI). Starting body weight and body condition were similar between treatments but differed by year (P < 0.01). After CIDR removal, 83% were in estrus by d -10 and did not differ with trt or yr. Weight at AI was greater (P < 0.01) for T (384 kg ± 2) than D (378 kg ± 2) with a trt by yr interaction. Body condition change between start of treatment and AI was greater (P < 0.01) for T (0.44 ± 0.03) than D (-0.02 ± 0.04) with a trt by yr interaction (P < 0.01) due to the magnitude of difference. A trt by yr interaction occurred for estrous response before AI (P < 0.01). Treatment means for AIPR were 59.1% (143/242) for D and 42.1% (101/240) for T (trt; P < 0.01). AIPR was similar between treatments in yr 1 and higher for D than T in subsequent yr (trt x yr, P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was greater (P < 0.05) in T than D on d 0 and at AI. At the time of AI, triticale was more mature in yr 1 when there was no difference in AIPR. Grazing triticale during estrus synchronization and AI resulted in acceptable gains but decreased fertility in yearling beef heifers.

GROWTH-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN BLOOD UREA NITROGEN LEVELS IN LINCOLN AND SOUTHDOWN LAMBS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mukhoty ◽  
W. Combs ◽  
T. D. D. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The concentration of blood plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured at bi-weekly intervals in four groups of growing Lincoln and Southdown lambs which received the same ration throughout their growth period. BUN increased with age and weight in each group. Although all groups showed similar changes in BUN with age, BUN concentration increased at 0.73 × 10−2, 0.88 × 10−2, 0.91 × 10−2, and 1.23 × 10−2 mg per kg of body weight gained in the case of Lincoln males, Lincoln females, Southdown males, and Southdown females, respectively. The average rates of gain for these groups were 0.33, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.20 kg per day, respectively. It appeared from these studies that at any given weight, the more mature animals at that weight tended to have higher BUN concentrations and a higher rate of increase of BUN with weight.

scholarly journals Protection of renal function by four selected plant extracts during Plasmodium berghei infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola ◽  
Kazeem Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Background: Weakening of renal function from reactive oxygen species generated during malaria infection is one of the prominent causes of death in prevalent regions. The potential toxicity of free radical generated by malaria parasites are counteracted by a large number of cytoprotective phytochemicals. Therefore, this study examined the influence of extracts of five selected antimalarial plants (Azadirachta indica, Parquetina nigrescens, Citrus paradisi, and Khaya senigalensis) on reduction of inflammation in renal tissue, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during malaria infection using Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice. For in vivo assay, mice were inoculated with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes and plant extracts were subsequently administered orally at 100 mg/kg body weight once a day for 17 consecutive days. The chemo-suppressive and prophylaxis effects of the plant extracts against P. berghei were investigated and compared with those of standard antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Tail bleeding was performed to check the percentage parasitaemia by making a thin film smear on a slide, stained in Giemsa. The numbers of parasited cells against the unparasitised cells were counted using a microscope. The effect of malaria infection on renal tissue was assessed by histological analysis and measurement of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma. At 100 mg/kg per body weight, aqueous extract of K. senegalensis, A. indica, C. paradisi and P. nigrescens exhibited significant (p<0.05) percentage inhibition and chemo-suppressive effects in comparison with the chloroquine treated mice. The result of the untreated group showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of plasma urea while the level of the groups treated with plants extract stabilized the level of urea and creatinine in the blood. Also there was a pathological lesion on the kidney tissue of untreated group whereas the group treated with aqueous extract of A. indica, Khaya senegalensis and C. paradisi showed no lesion. It can be established that the extracts can protect and preserve renal function during malaria infection. These findings justified the use of the extracts in traditional medicine practice, for the treatment of malaria infection.  Keywords: Plasmodium berghei, antimalarial plants, renal function, antiplasmodium

scholarly journals Case report: failure of passive transfer and neonatal infections in a cohort of lambs

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Kim Hamer ◽  
Valentina Busin ◽  
Neil Sargison
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Neonatal Infections ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Septic Polyarthritis ◽  
Blood Profiles

This case report details an outbreak of neonatal lamb deaths, in which 84 of the 1203 potential lambs (from scanning) died and 70 developed septic polyarthritis. Investigation of the Scottish lowland flock of 650 breeding ewes revealed good lambing-time hygiene; poor ewe nutrition was suspected to have led to poor colostrum quality or quantity, resulting in failure of passive transfer of immunity in lambs. Ewe body condition at lambing was poor, with low blood urea nitrogen and albumin levels in pre-lambing ewe metabolic blood profiles.

scholarly journals PSXIII-12 Evaluation of split-time artificial insemination following administration of the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® estrus synchronization protocol in beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 374-374
Author(s):  
Emma R Knickmeyer ◽  
Jordan M Thomas ◽  
James William C Locke ◽  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Mark R Ellersieck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Delayed Time ◽  
Split Time ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Abstract Estrous response and pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time (FTAI) or split-time (STAI) artificial insemination were compared among heifers following treatment with the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® (controlled internal drug release;1.38g progesterone) protocol. Heifers (n = 456) were assigned to balanced treatments based on weight and reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1–5). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 µg gonadorelin acetate) was administered coincident with CIDR® insertion. Progesterone inserts were removed after 7 d, and PG (250 mg im cloprostenol sodium) was administered at CIDR® removal. Estrus detection aids (Estrotect®) were applied at the time PG was administered. Estrous status was recorded at FTAI or STAI, and estrus was defined as removal of ≥ 50% of the grey coating from the Estrotect® patch. Heifers assigned to the FTAI treatment received GnRH and were artificially inseminated 54 h after PG administration. In the STAI treatment, only heifers that expressed estrus prior to 54 h were artificially inseminated at that time. For heifers failing to express estrus, AI was postponed 24 h and only those heifers that failed to exhibit estrus by the delayed time (78 h) received GnRH concurrent with AI. Estrous response prior to the standard time of FTAI did not differ between treatments (P = 0.3). Total estrous response was increased (P &lt; 0.001) among heifers assigned to STAI (74%, STAI; 47%, FTAI); however, pregnancy rates resulting from AI were similar between treatments (48%, STAI; 46%, FTAI; P = 0.4), as were pregnancy rates at the end of a 60 d breeding season (P = 0.6). In summary, STAI resulted in a greater estrous response following treatment with the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® protocol; however, this did not result in an increase in pregnancy rate compared to heifers that received FTAI.

510 Impact of estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination on calving distribution in Bos indicus influenced beef heifers

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 249-249
Author(s):  
N. Oosthuizen ◽  
P. L. P. Fontes ◽  
C. D. Sanford ◽  
F. M. Ciriaco ◽  
D. D. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Beef Heifers

87 Beef Heifers Housed in Muddy Environmental Conditions Lose Body Weight and Body Condition but Meet Gestational Requirements for Fetal Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Alvaro Garcia-Guerra ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Beef Heifers

Abstract Beef heifers experience an exponential increase in energy requirements during late gestation. Heifers must simultaneously grow a fetus, reach mature body weight, and prepare for their first lactation. In spring calving herds, these energy demands coincide with environmental stressors. Future climate projections for the Midwest predict increased winter rainfall, creating muddy conditions. It is likely that muddy conditions increase heifer energy requirements. The increased energy requirements, if not met, may compromise growth of the heifer and fetus. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of muddy conditions on heifer body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf birth weight. Eighteen Angus heifers (n = 9/treatment) were paired based on initial BW. One heifer from each pair was assigned to either the mud (MUD) or control (CON) treatment. Heifers in the CON treatment were housed in pens with sawdust, and heifers in the MUD treatment were housed in pens with mud (20.3 ± 7.6 cm). Heifers were housed individually, and each pair received the same dietary allowance based on the CON heifer’s BW for maintenance, growth, and gestation. From day 196 to 266 of gestation, heifers were weighed and assigned a BCS weekly. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). On day 196 of gestation, heifers were similar in BW and BCS (P &gt; 0.05). By day 266, MUD heifers weighed 43.5 kg less than CON heifers (P &lt; 0.01) and were assigned a BCS of 4.3 compared with CON heifers that were a BCS of 6.1 (P &lt; 0.01). Calf birth weight was not different (P = 0.21). Heifers in both treatments were able to maintain fetal growth, however, MUD heifers did not meet their energy requirements and had decreased BW and BCS compared with the CON heifers.

Urinary Guanidinoacetate / Guanidinosuccinate Ratio: An Indicator of Kidney Dysfunction

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Sasaki ◽  
Kihachiro Takahara ◽  
Samuel Natelson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Sensitive Indicator ◽  
Excretion Ratio ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Healthy Women

Abstract Five formerly unidentified peaks in the column chromatogram of urinary compounds giving the Sakaguchi reaction appear to be proteins or polypeptides containing arginine. If these substances, salts, and creatine are first removed, then guanidinoacetate (GAA), guanidinosuccinate (GSA), and creatine are readily measured in urine. This technique was applied to the urine of 17 healthy men and 10 healthy women, GAA and GSA being measured by the Sakaguchi reaction (after they were separated by electrophoresis) and creatine by the diacetyl reaction. Creatine and GAA values differ for men and women when corrected for differences in body weight. In mg/24 h/kg body weight, the respective excretions for men and women were: creatine, 0.83 and 1.98; GAA, 0.71 and 1.22. No significant sex-related differences were found for GSA (men, 0.18; women, 0.25) or creatinine (men, 24.7; women, 22.8). The GSA/GAA excretion ratio for healthy men and women was 0.25 and 0.20, respectively. For those with abnormally high blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, this ratio rose to values ranging from 1.8 to 24, with no overlap with normal. This ratio is evidently a sensitive indicator of kidney function.

Estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination alter calving distribution in Bos indicus influenced beef heifers

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Oosthuizen ◽  
P.L.P. Fontes ◽  
C.D. Sanford ◽  
F.M. Ciriaco ◽  
D.D. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Beef Heifers
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