340 Effects of nutrient restriction during mid- to late-gestation on maternal and fetal pancreatic exocrine function in sheep

Abstract To examine the effects of nutrient restriction on fetal and maternal ovine exocrine pancreatic function during mid- to late-gestation, 41 singleton ewes (48.3±0.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50–90 (mid-gestation). At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were slaughtered. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained under a control diet from day 90–130 (late-gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were slaughtered at day 130. The pancreas was weighed, subsampled, and assayed for digestive enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was expressed as U/g, U/g protein, or U/pancreas (total content). Total protein content in the pancreas was expressed as g/pancreas. Differences between means were determined using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS. Fetal and maternal pancreatic mass increased (P < 0.04) with day of gestation. Nutrient restriction during mid- (P = 0.01) and late-gestation (P = 0.01) decreased maternal pancreatic mass on d 130. Total fetal pancreatic α-amylase, trypsin, and protein content increased (P < 0.05) with day of gestation. Maternal nutrient restriction during late-gestation tended to decrease (P < 0.08) fetal pancreatic trypsin activity. Nutrient restriction during late-gestation tended to increase (P = 0.07) α-amylase:trypsin in fetal pancreas but tended to have the opposite response in maternal pancreas (P = 0.10). Total maternal pancreatic content of trypsin and protein tended to increase (P < 0.07) as gestation progressed. Nutrient restriction of gestating ewes decreased total content of a-amylase (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease total content of trypsin (P = 0.06) and protein (P = 0.06) in the maternal pancreas on d 90. Nutrient restriction during mid-gestation on d 90 and during late-gestation on d 130 decreased (P = 0.04) maternal α-amylase activity. Maternal nutrient restriction impairs pancreatic exocrine function by reducing maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activity.

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Effects of Nutrient Restriction During Midgestation to Late Gestation on Maternal and Fetal Postruminal Carbohydrase Activities in Sheep

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz393 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ronald J Trotta ◽

Manuel A Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽

Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽

Kendall C Swanson

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Total Content ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Nutrient Restriction ◽

Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽

Small Intestinal

Abstract To examine the effects of nutrient restriction during midgestation to late gestation on maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities, 41 singleton ewes (48.3 ± 0.6 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50 until day 90 (midgestation). At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were euthanized. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained on a control diet from day 90 until day 130 (late gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were euthanized on day 130. The fetal and maternal pancreas and small intestines were weighed, subsampled, and assayed for digestive enzyme activity. One unit (U) of enzyme activity is equal to 1 µmol of product produced per minute for amylase, glucoamylase, lactase, and trypsin and 0.5 µmol of product produced per minute for maltase and isomaltase. Nutrient restriction during midgestation and late gestation decreased (P < 0.05) maternal pancreatic and small intestinal mass but did not affect fetal pancreatic or small intestinal mass. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation decreased (P = 0.03) fetal pancreatic trypsin content (U/pancreas) and tended to decrease (P < 0.08) fetal pancreatic trypsin concentration (U/g), specific activity (U/g protein), and content relative to BW (U/kg of BW). Nutrient restriction of gestating ewes decreased the total content of α-amylase (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease total content of trypsin (P = 0.06) and protein (P = 0.06) in the maternal pancreas on day 90. Nutrient restriction during midgestation on day 90 and during late gestation on day 130 decreased (P = 0.04) maternal pancreatic α-amylase-specific activity. Sucrase activity was undetected in the fetal and maternal small intestine. Nutrient restriction during late gestation increased (P = 0.01) maternal small intestinal maltase and lactase concentration and tended to increase (P = 0.06) isomaltase concentration. Realimentation during late gestation after nutrient restriction during midgestation increased lactase concentration (P = 0.04) and specific activity (P = 0.05) in the fetal small intestine. Fetal small intestinal maltase, isomaltase, and glucoamylase did not respond to maternal nutrient restriction. These data indicate that some maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities may change in response to maternal nutrient restriction.

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Assessment of pancreatic exocrine function in preterms by measurement of fecal elastase 1

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81062-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A214-A214

Author(s):

M VENTRUCCI ◽

V PAOLETTI ◽

L CORVAGLIA ◽

M CAPRETTI ◽

M MIDDONNO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Exocrine Function ◽

Exocrine Function ◽

Fecal Elastase ◽

Elastase 1 ◽

Pancreatic Exocrine

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Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction During Gestation on LH Production in the Female Bovine Fetus

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 25-26

Author(s):

Sterling H Fahey ◽

Sarah West ◽

John M Long ◽

Carey Satterfield ◽

Rodolfo C Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Fetal Development ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Nutrient Restriction ◽

Western Blots ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Individual Potential ◽

The Individual

Abstract Gestational nutrient restriction causes epigenetic and phenotypic changes that affect multiple physiological processes in the offspring. Gonadotropes, the cells in the anterior pituitary that secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are particularly sensitive to nutritional changes during fetal development. Our objective herein was to investigate the effects of gestational nutrient restriction on LH protein content and number of gonadotropes in the fetal bovine pituitary. We hypothesized that moderate nutrient restriction during mid to late gestation decreases pituitary LH production, which is associated with a reduced number of gonadotropes. Embryos were produced in vitro with X-bearing semen from a single sire then split to generate monozygotic twins. Each identical twin was transferred to a virgin dam yielding four sets of female twins. At gestational d 158, the dams were randomly assigned into two groups, one fed 100% NRC requirements (control) and the other fed 70% of NRC requirements (restricted) during the last trimester of gestation, ensuring each pair of twins had one twin in each group. At gestational d 265, the fetuses (n = 4/group) were euthanized by barbiturate overdose, and the pituitaries were collected. Western blots were performed using an ovine LH-specific antibody (Dr. A.F. Parlow, NIDDK). The total LH protein content in the pituitary tended to be decreased in the restricted fetuses compared to controls (P < 0.10). However, immunohistochemistry analysis of the pituitary did not reveal any significant changes in the total number of LH-positive cells (control = 460±23 cells/0.5 mm2; restricted = 496±45 cells/0.5 mm2, P = 0.58). In conclusion, while maternal nutrient restriction during gestation resulted in a trend of reduced LH content in the fetal pituitary, immunohistological findings suggest that these changes are likely related to the individual potential of each gonadotrope to produce LH, rather than alterations in cell differentiation during fetal development.

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