PSXI-22 Intensification of cow-calf production: How does the system respond biologically to energy inputs in a long-term horizon?

Abstract In southern Brazil, beef cattle production systems generally rely on grazing on natural pastures. However, their forage production, and consequently metabolizable energy (ME) production, is seasonal and influenced by climatic events. Thus, there is a scientific and commercial interest in evaluating and understanding the biological impacts of intensification using pasture irrigation and the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena on the long term on the productivity of cow-calf systems. Therefore, our objective was to develop a simulation model to evaluate the effects of intensification levels, using cultivated pastures and irrigation, on the productivity and on the efficiency metabolizable energy utilization of beef cow-calf systems in a 10-year horizon. This period allows capturing the effects of several production cycles as influenced by ENSO events. The model includes three submodels: herd structure, herd ME requirements, and forage ME production. The results of the present study demonstrate that the proposed model is able to evaluate the influence of intensification of grazing systems on metabolizable energy production, carrying capacity, productivity and biological efficiency of beef cow-calf systems over a long-term horizon. Productivity was increased in 66.2% when 20% of the grazing area was intensified and irrigated compared with the modeled non-intensified system, independently of climatic events. The main productive response was the increase in the number of dams in the herd, especially as a result of the use of irrigation. This study proposes different alternatives for increasing the productivity of beef cow-calf systems in southern Brazil.

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Long term population changes of fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and Arctocephalus tropicalis on subantarctic (Crozet) and subtropical (St. Paul and Amsterdam) islands and their possible relationship to El Niño Southern Oscillation

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102094000714 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

C. Guinet ◽

P. Jouventin ◽

J-Y. Georges

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽

El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽

Enso Events ◽

Fur Seals ◽

Fur Seal ◽

Arctocephalus Tropicalis

The population trend over the last decade for subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) on Amsterdam and St. Paul islands and on Possession Island (Crozet Archipelago) and Antarctic fur seals (A. gazella) on Possession Island are analysed. At Amsterdam Island, based on pup counts, the subantarctic fur seal population appears to have stabilized after a period of rapid growth. At Possession Island subantarctic fur seal and Antarctic fur seal, with respective annual growth rates of 19.2 and 17.4%, are reaching the maximum growth rate for the genus Arctocephalus. Annual pup censuses at Possession Island since 1978 indicate important variations from year to year with pup production for A. gazella significantly lower the year after an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, but with no such relationship for A. tropicalis. Several other long term demographic studies of seabirds and marine mammals at different breeding locations in the Southern Ocean indicate that the breeding success of several of these predators appears to be widely affected in years which appear to be related to the ENSO events. To clarify this, it is necessary to analyse in more detail the demographic data obtained for the different subantarctic and Antarctic locations where long term monitoring programmes are conducted.

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The Hadley Circulation Regime Change: Combined Effect of the Western Pacific Warming and Increased ENSO Amplitude

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-18-0306.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (23) ◽

pp. 9739-9751 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi-Peng Guo ◽

Zhe-Min Tan

Keyword(s):

Regime Change ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Hadley Circulation ◽

Warming Trend ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Western Pacific ◽

South Pacific Convergence Zone ◽

Boreal Winter ◽

Enso Events

The variation in the interannual relationship between the boreal winter Hadley circulation (HC) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1948–2014 is investigated. The interannual variability of the HC is dominated by two principal modes: the equatorial asymmetric mode (AM) and the equatorial symmetric mode (SM). The AM of the HC during ENSO events mainly results from a combined effect of the ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the climatological background SST over the South Pacific convergence zone. Comparatively, the SM shows a steady and statistically significant relationship with ENSO; however, the interannual relationship between the AM and ENSO is strengthened during the mid-1970s, which leads to a HC regime change—that is, the interannual pulse of the HC intensity and its response to ENSO are stronger after the mid-1970s than before. The long-term warming trend of the tropical western Pacific since the 1950s and the increased ENSO amplitude play vital roles in the HC regime change. Although the tropical eastern Pacific also experienced a long-term warming trend, it has little influence on the HC regime change due to the climatologically cold background SST over the cold tongue region.

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On the spatial and temporal variability of ENSO precipitation and drought teleconnection in mainland Southeast Asia

Climate of the Past Discussions ◽

10.5194/cpd-11-5307-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 5307-5343 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. A. Räsänen ◽

V. Lindgren ◽

J. H. A. Guillaume ◽

B. M. Buckley ◽

M. Kummu

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Drought Severity ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Seasonal Evolution ◽

Enso Events ◽

Precipitation Anomalies ◽

Mainland Southeast Asia

Abstract. The variability in the hydroclimate over mainland Southeast Asia is strongly influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which has been linked to severe drought and floods that profoundly influence human societies and ecosystems alike. However, the spatial characteristics and long-term stationarity of ENSO's influence in the region are not well understood. We thus aim to analyse seasonal evolution and spatial variations in the effect of ENSO on precipitation over the period of 1980–2013, and long-term variation in the ENSO-teleconnection using tree-ring derived Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) that span from 1650–2004. We found that the majority of the study area is under the influence of ENSO, which has affected the region's hydroclimate over the majority (96 %) of the 355 year study period. Our results further indicate that there is a pattern of seasonal evolution of precipitation anomalies during ENSO. However, considerable variability in the ENSO's influence is revealed: the strength of ENSO's influence was found to vary in time and space, and the different ENSO events resulted in varying precipitation anomalies. Additional research is needed to investigate how this variation in ENSO teleconnection is influenced by other factors, such as the properties of the ENSO events and other ocean and atmospheric phenomena. In general, the high variability we found in ENSO teleconnection combined with limitations of current knowledge, suggests that the adaptation to extremes in hydroclimate in mainland Southeast Asia needs to go beyond "predict-and-control" and recognise both uncertainty and complexity as fundamental principles.

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Bioeconomic impact of bull breeding soundness examination in cow-calf systems

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000200028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 441-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sílvio Renato Oliveira Menegassi ◽

Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽

Vinícius do Nascimento Lampert ◽

João Batista Souza Borges ◽

Vanessa Peripolli

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Cattle Production ◽

Beef Cow ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Beef Cattle Production ◽

Cow Calf ◽

Breeding Soundness ◽

Benefit Cost

It was evaluated the bioeconomic impact of the breeding soundness evaluation on beef cattle production in southern Brazil. Two similar production systems, with and without the use of breeding soundness evaluation, were compared during 4 years in the municipality of Júlio e Castilhos. The rate of unsound bulls in the first examination was 22.8%. By performing the examination, calf production increased by 31%, 13.8 calves/bull/year and 24 kg of calves/cow/year. The benefit/cost ratio on the investment with the breeding soundness evaluation was R$ 35.84. The breeding soundness evaluation improves bioeconomic aspects of beef cow-calf systems.

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C ase S tudy : Irrigation and stocking rate influences on northern Michigan beef cow-calf and forage production

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/pas.2016-01508 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 276-284

Author(s):

Q.F. Li ◽

J.E. Rowntree ◽

S.A. Utsumi ◽

S. Xu ◽

D.E. Carmichael

Keyword(s):

Stocking Rate ◽

Forage Production ◽

Beef Cow ◽

Cow Calf ◽

Northern Michigan

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71 Evaluation of the CVDS Beef Cow Model to Estimate Biological Efficiency in Mature Cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 119-119

Author(s):

Phillip A Lancaster ◽

Mike Davis ◽

Luis O Tedeschi ◽

Jack Rutledge ◽

Larry Cundiff

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Beef Cow

Abstract There is no clear method to measure biological efficiency in grazing beef cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate a nutrition model to estimate biological efficiency in mature cows. Data from dams (n = 160) and their 2nd and 3rd progeny were collected from 1953 through 1980. Individual feed intake was measured at 28-d intervals for lifetime of dams and during 240-d lactation for progeny. Body weight of progeny were measured at birth and weaning, and dams at parturition and weaning each production cycle. Milk yield of dams was measured at 14-d intervals by hand milking. Metabolizable energy required (MER) and predicted milk energy yield (MEY) of each cow was computed using the CVDS beef cow model for each parity. Biological efficiency was computed as the ratio of cow ME intake (MEI) to calf weaning weight (WW) based on observed (MEI/WW) and predicted (MER/WW) values. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed using corr.test function in R software. Average (SD) cow weight, calf weaning weight, cow MEI, and observed MEY were 507 (81) and 548 (88) kg, 287 (49) and 294 (44) kg, 9406 (2695) and 9721 (2686) Mcal, and 1009 (538) and 1051 (521) Mcal, for progeny 2 and 3, respectively. Cow MEI and MER (0.87 and 0.85), and observed and predicted MEY (0.51 and 0.51) were positively correlated for progeny 2 and 3, respectively. The CVDS model under predicted cow MEI [mean bias = 1685 (1718) and 1658 (1702) Mcal] and MEY [mean bias = 82 (465) and 129 (450) Mcal] for progeny 2 and 3, respectively. Observed and predicted progeny feed intake were not correlated. Observed and predicted biological efficiency were positively correlated (0.63 and 0.61) for progeny 2 and 3, respectively. In conclusion, nutrition models can reasonably predict biological efficiency, but further refinement of the relationship between calf feed intake and milk yield could improve prediction.

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On the spatial and temporal variability of ENSO precipitation and drought teleconnection in mainland Southeast Asia

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-12-1889-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1889-1905 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Timo A. Räsänen ◽

Ville Lindgren ◽

Joseph H. A. Guillaume ◽

Brendan M. Buckley ◽

Matti Kummu

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Drought Severity ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Seasonal Evolution ◽

Enso Events ◽

Term Variation ◽

Precipitation Anomalies ◽

Mainland Southeast Asia

Abstract. The variability of the hydroclimate over mainland Southeast Asia is strongly influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which has been linked to severe droughts and floods that profoundly influence human societies and ecosystems alike. Although the significance of ENSO is well understood, there are still limitations in the understanding of its effects on hydroclimate, particularly with regard to understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics and the long-term variation of its effects. Therefore we analysed the seasonal evolution and spatial variations in the effect of ENSO on precipitation over the period of 1980–2013 and the long-term variation in the ENSO teleconnection using tree-ring-derived Palmer drought severity indices (PDSIs) for the March–May season that span over the time period 1650–2004. The analyses provided an improved understanding of the seasonal evolution of the precipitation anomalies during ENSO events. The effects of ENSO were found to be most consistent and expressed over the largest areal extents during March–May of the year when the ENSO events decay. On a longer timescale, we found that ENSO has affected the region's March–May hydroclimate over the majority (95 %) of the 355-year study period and that during half (52 %) of the time ENSO caused a significant increase in hydroclimatic variability. The majority of the extremely wet and dry March–May seasons also occurred during ENSO events. However, considerable variability in ENSO's influence was revealed: the spatial pattern of precipitation anomalies varied between individual ENSO events, and the strength of ENSO's influence was found to vary through time. Given the high variability in ENSO teleconnection that we described and the limitations of the current understanding of the effects of ENSO, we suggest that the adaptation to ENSO-related extremes in hydroclimate over mainland Southeast Asia needs to recognise uncertainty as an inherent part of adaptation, must go beyond "predict and control", and should seek adaptation opportunities widely within society.

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