Dutch Elm Disease Eradication in the United States

1935 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Worthley ◽  
O. N. Liming
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Disease Eradication

Elm Bark Beetles in Southwestern Ontario

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Elm Bark Beetles ◽  
Heavy Mortality ◽  
Infection Spread ◽  
Cleveland Ohio

The Dutch elm disease is caused by the fungus Ceratostomella ulmi (Schwartz) Buis. It was first reported in the United States at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1930 (ll), and has since spread westward to Colorado and northeastward into Vermont (22). It is believed that the disease was accidentally introduced into the United States from Europe, where it has caused heavy mortality of elms since its discovery in 1919 (7, 19, 20). In Canada the disease was first recorded by Pomerleau (14) at St. Ours, Que. This infection proved to be centred around Sorel, Que., and since it was isolated from the nearest known infection in the United States by approximately 200 miles, is regarded as a separate introduction from Europe. The Sorel infection spread very rapidly, and by the end of 1950, the area between Montreal, Quebec City, and Sherbrooke was heavily infested by the fungus (17). I t has since spread westward as far as Ottawa and Kingston in 0ntario (16).

Exotic Newcastle Disease Eradication Program in the United States

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Walker ◽  
B. R. Heron ◽  
M. A. Mixson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Eradication Program

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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