Evaluating the Biological Potential of Prodigiosin from Serratia Marcescens KH-001 Against Asian Citrus Psyllid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Rongkun Zheng ◽  
Yihong Liao ◽  
Fan Kuang ◽  
Zhaolan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Effective Compound

Abstract The insecticides of microbial origin may be promising biocontrol agents to control pests. In this study, a major metabolite was extracted and purified from Serratia marcescens KH-001 and identified as prodigiosin with a molecule weight of 324.2094, and our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of prodigiosin against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in the laboratory and in the field. Toxicity of purified prodigiosin to nymphs increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 35°C. The laboratory experiment results observed inhibition effects of purified prodigiosin at LC50 on oviposition and egg hatch of D. citri at 30°C. Furthermore, adults that fed on citrus leaves treated with LC20 and LC50 solution of purified prodigiosin at 30°C excreted less honeydew (28–35%) compared with controls, suggesting moderate antifeedant activity of prodigiosin. The results of field experiment showed that 10% prodigiosin emulsifiable concentrate exhibited better control efficacy (70–100%) at three concentrations (100, 200, and 500 mg/liter) in July and August than in October. These data indicate that prodigiosin will be a highly effective compound for the control of D. citri depending on the prevailing temperature conditions and may become a commercially available product to be widely used in citrus orchards.

scholarly journals Evaluation of δ15N analysis to trace the origin of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) to citrus orchard fertilization management

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8807
Author(s):  
Francesc Gomez-Marco ◽  
Andrew Yoshimoto ◽  
W. Evan Braswell ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Citrus Disease ◽  
Organic Orchards

We investigated the variability of nitrogen stable isotope ratios 15N/14N (expressed as δ15N) on citrus orchards with different fertilization management practices (organic versus conventional) and its correlation with the δ15N values of the key citrus pest Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) feeding on such plant material. Tracing the origin of this pest in open field is crucial since the insect is a vector of the incurable and devastating citrus disease known as Huanglongbing. We hypothesized that the origin (natal tree) of the pest may be deduced by correlating the δ15N values obtained from the young citrus leaves and from adults of D. citri raised on them. First, laboratory experiments were performed to understand the acquisition and incorportation of the δ15N values by D. citri. Second, we confirmed the positive correlation between the δ15N values of the young citrus leaves and D. citri. Finally, field sampling was carried out in 21 citrus orchards from Southern California to study the variability on the δ15N values on organic and conventional commercial citrus orchards. Laboratory results suggest that the analyses of the δ15N values can be regarded as a useful method to trace the origin of the pest. However, the high variability in nitrogen resource used in both fertilization management practices (especially in organic orchards) by growers makes the application of this technique unfeasible to pinpoint the origin of D. citri in the citrus agroecosystem.

Factors associated with Diaphorina citri immigration into commercial citrus orchards in São Paulo State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando P. F. Zorzenon ◽  
Arthur F. Tomaseto ◽  
Matthew P. Daugherty ◽  
João R. S. Lopes ◽  
Marcelo P. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Citrus Orchards

scholarly journals Development on Infected Citrus over Generations Increases Vector Infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus in Diaphorina citri’

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Inaiara de Souza Pacheco ◽  
Diogo Manzano Galdeano ◽  
João Roberto Spotti Lopes ◽  
Marcos Antonio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Citrus Huanglongbing ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Vector Efficiency ◽  
Control And Eradication

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is a major causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, causing severe losses in various regions of the world. Vector efficiency is higher when acquisition occurs by ACP immature stages and over longer feeding periods. In this context, our goal was to evaluate the progression of CLas population and infection rate over four ACP generations that continuously developed on infected citrus plants. We showed that the frequency of CLas-positive adult samples increased from 42% in the parental generation to 100% in the fourth generation developing on CLas-infected citrus. The bacterial population in the vector also increased over generations. This information reinforces the importance of HLB management strategies, such as vector control and eradication of diseased citrus trees, to avoid the development of CLas-infected ACP generations with higher bacterial loads and, likely, a higher probability of spreading the pathogen in citrus orchards.

Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus from Wampee (Clausena lansium Skeels) by Nested PCR

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Deng ◽  
Gen Zhou ◽  
Huaping Li ◽  
Jianchi Chen ◽  
Edwin L. Civerolo
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Wampee (Clausena lansium Skeels) is native to southern China and Southeast Asia. Wampee trees are attractive, with grape-like fruits and a muscat taste and are popular in home gardens. Like other members of Rutaceae, wampee has long been suspected to have yellow shoot disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) and Diaphorina citri, the disease vector, was capable of a long-term survival on Wampee. The authors recommend that eradication of wampee trees surrounding citrus orchards should be part of the overall management of citrus HLB. Accepted for publication 20 December 2007. Published 19 April 2007.

scholarly journals SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLA POPULATIONS IN THE CITRUS ORCHARDS INFECTED WITH HUANGLONGBING IN SARGODHA, PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Yasir Iftikhar ◽  
Imran U. Haq ◽  
Waqas Raza ◽  
Muhammad I. Ullah ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Citrus Psylla

A study on seasonal fluctuation in Citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) (CP) population in citrus orchards infected with Huanglongbing was carried out in relation to environmental factors in six tehsils of Sargodha district. The population of citrus psylla was reached to the peak twice in a year. Young flushes favored the build-up in psylla population. Minimum temperature and rainfall had highly significant correlation with build-up in population of citrus psylla in all the six tehsils of Sargodha. Although, high temperature also favored the high population of citrus psylla in two tehsils. August and mid-March to April were the two times when population of citrus psylla reached to the peak. Therefore, an integrated management strategy can be formulated with this study that will not only help in reducing the HLB incidence but also increase in citrus production.

scholarly journals Distribution pattern of developmental stages of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on the surface of citrus leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (89) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Meriem Dahmane ◽  
Gahdab Chakali
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Citrus Leaves

The leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is considered a potential serious pest of citrus in Algeria. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the ecophases of the citrus leafminer and the leaf surface of the Washington navel citrus variety. Practically all the examined leaves of the young shoots were occupied by at least a developmental stage of this insect. More than 80% of the leafminer ecophases were distributed on the lower surfaces of the leaves. A relationship is highlighted between the leaf surfaces and the stages evolution of citrus leafminer. The choice of area laying by females is decisive for the survival and evolution of stages of development of the insect in relationship with leaf age. The analysis of the eggs distribution revealed that young leaves, with leaf surface smaller than 2 cm², were significantly preferred by females for oviposition. However, the larvae were abundant on leaf surfaces smaller than 6 cm² which provide a favorable environment for the development of larvae in order to realize their respective gallery. The pupal stage was observed almost uniformly on all the analyzed area classes. These results could contribute to the guidelines for pest risk assessment highlighting the intervention for the protection of citrus orchards against heavy infestations of Phyllocnistis citrella.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Diaphorina citri to dimethoate and chlorpyrifos in commercial citrus orchards of Veracruz, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-901
Author(s):  
Sherell Zamora ◽  
Daniel Rodríguez-Lagunes ◽  
Francisco Osorio-Acosta ◽  
Odón Castañeda-Castro ◽  
Rosalía Núñez-Pastrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticides ◽  
Citrus Orchards

There are reports of Diaphorina citri resistance in the state of Veracruz to chlorpyrifos and dimethoate due to the excessive use of these products for the control of pests, among them D. citri. The purpose of this work was to diagnose the susceptibility of D. citri adults to chlorpyrifos and dimethoate in commercial citrus orchards of the municipality of Martinez de la Torre, Veracruz. For this, 200 adults of D. citri were collected in each of 30 orchards, and topical application bioassays were performed with dimethoate at 0.0090% concentration and chlorpyrifos at 0.0085% concentration. Diaphorina citri adults without chemical control during 10 years were used as a control. Mortality of D. citri with dimethoate and chlorpyrifos averaged 85%, in contrast the control mortality was 99% and 98.8% with dimethoate and chlorpyrifos, respectively. According to these results, it can be inferred that D. citri has some resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the orchards of Martinez de la Torre, Veracruz. This information can be used to decide the type of insecticides to apply in the study area.

Prevalent transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ over ‘Ca. Liberibacter americanus’ in a long-term controlled environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cândida de Godoy Gasparoto ◽  
Isabela Vescove Primiano ◽  
Renato Bassanezi ◽  
Silvia Afonseca Lourenço ◽  
Luiz Montesino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Citrus Huanglongbing ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Test Plants

In Brazil, citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’ (CLam) and ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas). However, there are few studies about HLB epidemiology when both Liberibacter spp. and its insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri), are present. The objective of this work was to compare the transmission of HLB by ACP when both CLam and CLas are present as primary inoculum. Two experiments were performed under screenhouse conditions from April 2008 to January 2012 (experiment 1) and from February 2011 to December 2015 (experiment 2). The experiments were carried out with sweet orange plants infected with CLam or CLas as inoculum source surrounded by sweet orange healthy plants. One hundred Liberibacter-free adult psyllids were monthly confined to the source of inoculum plants for 7 days with subsequent free movement inside the screenhouse. Fortnightly, nymphs and adults of psyllids were monitored. Psyllid and leaf samples were collected periodically for Liberibacter detection by PCR or qPCR. CLas was detected more frequently than CLam in both psyllid and leaf samples. No mixed infections were detected in the psyllids. A clear prevalence of CLas over CLam was observed in both experiments. The final HLB incidences were 16.7 and 14.5% of Liberibacter-positive test plants, and CLas was detected in 92.3 and 93.1% of these infected plants. Mixed infection was observed only in 3.8% of infected test plants in experiment 1. These results endorse the shift in the prevalence of CLam to CLas observed in citrus orchards of São Paulo, Brazil.

Studies on Production and Biological Potential of Prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens

2014 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 1209-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul K. Suryawanshi ◽  
Chandrashekhar D. Patil ◽  
Hemant P. Borase ◽  
Bipinchandra K. Salunke ◽  
Satish V. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Biological Potential
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