Attractiveness of Host Plants at Different Growth Stage to Kudzu Bug, Megacopta cribraria (Heteroptera: Plataspidae): Behavioral Responses to Whole Plant and Constitutive Volatiles

Leaf blades, axillary buds, shoot tips, green bark, suberized bark, or the whole plant of container-grown Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Jane Cowl were treated with uniconazole. Applying uniconazole (50 mg·liter-1) to axillary buds or the green bark below a bud immediately after pruning limited elongation of the first three internodes. Length of the fourth internode was unaffected, regardless of the site of uniconazole application. When used on plants with 24-day-old shoots, uniconazole (40 mg·liter -1) applied to the whole plant provided the only satisfactory height control. Leaf size was reduced by nearly 50%, with a concomitant increase (12%) in fresh weight per unit area. GA3 (50 mg·liter-1, was more effective in promoting elongation of shoots previously retarded with a drench application of uniconazole (0.1 mg/2.6-liter pot) when applied to the whole shoot, leaf blades, or shoot tip. Application of GA, only to the stein surface, whether old or young, did not effectively encourage the growth of shoots of plants previously treated with uniconazole. Chemical names used: (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-1-penton-3-ol (uniconazole); analogue of (1α,2β,4 α,4bβ,10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-1,10 dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone (GA3).

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Whole-Plant Growth Stage Ontology for Angiosperms and Its Application in Plant Biology

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.106.085720 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 414-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Anuradha Pujar ◽

Pankaj Jaiswal ◽

Elizabeth A. Kellogg ◽

Katica Ilic ◽

Leszek Vincent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Plant Biology ◽

Whole Plant

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Rosmarinus officinialis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), a Promising Repellent Plant for Thrips Management

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa288 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Wei Li ◽

Zhi-Jun Zhang ◽

Muhammad Hafeez ◽

Jun Huang ◽

Jin-Ming Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Host Plants ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Repellent Activity ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Thrips Palmi ◽

Thrips Species ◽

The Individual ◽

Cut Leaves

Abstract A number of thrips species are among the most significant agricultural pests globally. Use of repellent intercrop plants is one of the key components in plant-based ‘push–pull’ strategies to manage pest populations. In this study, the behavioral responses of three thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), and Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Rosmarinus officinalis were investigated in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments. In addition, the major volatile compounds from rosemary were identified and the effect of the individual compounds on thrips behavior was evaluated. Females and males of the three thrips species were significantly repelled by the volatiles from cut rosemary leaves. The presence of rosemary plants significantly reduced settlement of females of the three thrips species and eggs laid by F. occidentalis females on target host plants. In total, 47 compounds were identified in the volatiles collected from the cut leaves of rosemary plants. The responses of the three thrips species to 10 major volatile compounds showed significant differences. However, α-pinene, the most abundant volatile, was repellent to F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Eucalyptol, the second most abundant volatile, showed significant repellent activity to all the three thrips species. Our findings showed that rosemary is a promising repellent plant against the three thrips pests we tested, which could be a good candidate for ‘push’ plants in plant-based ‘push–pull’ strategies. The identified volatile compounds that accounted for the repellent activity could be developed as repellents for sustainable thrips management.

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Using leaf chlorophyll fluorescence for in-season diagnosing herbicide resistance in Echinochloa species at reproductive growth stage

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/51/2017-pps ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 194-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhang Chuan-Jie ◽

Kim Do-Soon

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Fluorescence Measurement ◽

Reproductive Growth ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Plant Test ◽

Statistical Similarity ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

The chlorophyll fluorescence measurement to diagnose herbicide resistant Echinochloa species at the reproductive (late) growth stage was applied. The significant correlation between F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> (chlorophyll fluorescence measurements) and fresh weight (whole plant test) and the statistical similarity of R/S ratios between the two tests demonstrated that the chlorophyll fluorescence test could be reliably used to diagnose herbicide resistant Echinochloa spp. at the reproductive growth stage in a shorter period of time (within 10 days) compared with the conventional whole plant test.

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Behavioral Responses of Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to Azadirex (Neem)-Treated Host Plants

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[117:brosao]2.0.co;2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John L. Capinera ◽

Jason G. Froeba

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Schistocerca Americana

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Approach trajectory and solar position affect host plant attractiveness to the small white butterfly

10.1101/2020.10.04.325639 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adam J. Blake ◽

Samuel Couture ◽

Matthew C. Go ◽

Gerhard Gries

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Pieris Rapae ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Plant Canopies ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Plant Foraging ◽

Solar Position

AbstractWhile it is well documented that insects exploit polarized sky light for navigation, their use of reflected polarized light for object detection has been less well studied. Recently, we have shown that the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, distinguishes between host and non-host plants based on the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) of light reflected from their leaves. To determine how polarized light cues affect host plant foraging by female P. rapae across their entire visual range including the ultraviolet (300-650 nm), we applied photo polarimetry demonstrating large differences in the DoLP of leaf-reflected light among plant species generally and between host and non-host plants specifically. As polarized light cues are directionally dependent, we also tested, and modelled, the effect of approach trajectory on the polarization of plant-reflected light and the resulting attractiveness to P. rapae. Using photo polarimetry measurements of plants under a range of light source and observer positions, we reveal several distinct effects when polarized reflections are examined on a whole-plant basis rather than at the scale of pixels or of entire plant canopies. Most notably from our modeling, certain approach trajectories are optimal for foraging butterflies, or insects generally, to discriminate between plant species on the basis of the DoLP of leaf-reflected light.

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Investigating mechanisms of polarized light sensitivity in the small white butterfly Pieris rapae

10.1101/2019.12.19.883272 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adam J. Blake ◽

Gina S. Hahn ◽

Hayley Grey ◽

Shelby Kwok ◽

Deby McIntosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual System ◽

Linear Polarization ◽

Host Plants ◽

Pieris Rapae ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Color Difference ◽

Light Sensitivity ◽

Polarization Sensitivity ◽

Compound Eyes

AbstractThere is an ever increasing number of arthropod taxa shown to have polarization sensitivity throughout their compound eyes. However, the mechanisms underlying arthropod perception of polarized reflections from objects such as plants are not well understood. The small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, has been demonstrated to exploit foliar polarized reflections, specifically the degree of linear polarization (DoLP), to recognize host plants. The well-described visual system of P. rapae includes several photoreceptor types (red, green, blue) that are sensitive to polarized light. Yet, the mechanism underlying the behavioral responses of P. rapae to stimuli with different DoLPs remains unknown. To investigate potential mechanisms, we designed several two-choice behavioral bioassays, displaying plant images on paired LCD monitors which allowed for independent control of polarization, color and intensity. We found that shifts in image intensity had a similar effect on P. rapae preferences for stimuli dissimilar in DoLP and dissimilar in color, suggesting DoLP differences are perceived as color. When a DoLP choice was offered between plant images manipulated in a manner to minimizing the response of blue, red, or blue and red photoreceptors, P. rapae shifted its preference for DoLP, suggesting a role for red, green and blue polarization-sensitive photoreceptors. Modeling of P. rapae photoreceptor responses to test stimuli suggests that differential DoLP is not perceived solely as a color difference. Our combined results suggest that P. rapae females process and interpret polarization reflections in a way different from that described for other polarization-sensitive taxa.

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