Rosmarinus officinialis L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), a Promising Repellent Plant for Thrips Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Wei Li ◽  
Zhi-Jun Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jin-Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cut Leaves

Abstract A number of thrips species are among the most significant agricultural pests globally. Use of repellent intercrop plants is one of the key components in plant-based ‘push–pull’ strategies to manage pest populations. In this study, the behavioral responses of three thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), and Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Rosmarinus officinalis were investigated in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments. In addition, the major volatile compounds from rosemary were identified and the effect of the individual compounds on thrips behavior was evaluated. Females and males of the three thrips species were significantly repelled by the volatiles from cut rosemary leaves. The presence of rosemary plants significantly reduced settlement of females of the three thrips species and eggs laid by F. occidentalis females on target host plants. In total, 47 compounds were identified in the volatiles collected from the cut leaves of rosemary plants. The responses of the three thrips species to 10 major volatile compounds showed significant differences. However, α-pinene, the most abundant volatile, was repellent to F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Eucalyptol, the second most abundant volatile, showed significant repellent activity to all the three thrips species. Our findings showed that rosemary is a promising repellent plant against the three thrips pests we tested, which could be a good candidate for ‘push’ plants in plant-based ‘push–pull’ strategies. The identified volatile compounds that accounted for the repellent activity could be developed as repellents for sustainable thrips management.

scholarly journals Progression of Watermelon Bud Necrosis Virus Infection in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Amalendu Ghosh ◽  
Priti ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
Ralf G. Dietzgen
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Anterior Midgut

Thrips are important pests of agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops worldwide. In addition to direct damages caused by feeding, several thrips species can transmit diverse tospoviruses. The present understanding of thrips–tospovirus relationships is largely based on studies of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Little is known about other predominant tospoviruses and their thrips vectors. In this study, we report the progression of watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV) infection in its vector, melon thrips (Thrips palmi). Virus infection was visualized in different life stages of thrips using WBNV-nucleocapsid protein antibodies detected with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. The anterior midgut was the first to be infected with WBNV in the first instar larvae. The midgut of T. palmi was connected to the principal salivary glands (PSG) via ligaments and the tubular salivary glands (TSG). The infection progressed to the PSG primarily through the connecting ligaments during early larval instars. The TSG may also have an ancillary role in disseminating WBNV from the midgut to PSG in older instars of T. palmi. Infection of WBNV was also spread to the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and posterior portion of the foregut during the adult stage. Maximum virus-specific fluorescence in the anterior midgut and PSG indicated the primary sites for WBNV replication. These findings will help to better understand the thrips–tospovirus molecular relationships and identify novel potential targets for their management. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the WBNV dissemination path in its vector, T. palmi.

scholarly journals Identification and rearing of four thrips species vectors of Tospovirus in the Federal District, Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Nagata ◽  
Laurence A. Mound ◽  
Felix H. França ◽  
Antonio C. de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
First Report ◽  
Virus Group ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Ornamental Crops

The disease caused by the viruses belonging to the genus Tospovirus is a serious problem in horticultural and ornamental crops in Brazil. In the field, this virus group is transmitted by the insect vector, thrips. Little is known about the thrips species occurring in Brazil, and which species are important for the dissemination of these diseases. For the study of epidemiology of this virus group, different thrips populations, which may have the capacity to be vectors of tospoviruses, were collected in the Federal District. Four species were identified: Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, F. schultzei Trybom, Thrips palmi Karny and T. tabaci Lindeman. This is the first report of the occurrence of F. occidentalis and T. palmi in the Federal District. A methodology for the rearing of these four thrips is described in this report.

Real-time PCR assay for distinguishing Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi Arnika Przybylska, Żaneta Fiedler, Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnika Przybylska ◽  
Żaneta Fiedler ◽  
Patryk Frąckowiak ◽  
Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThrips palmi and Frankliniella occidentalis (order Thysanoptera) are thrips species that represent major plant pests. They are polyphagous insects capable of adversely affecting crop production. As such, in the European Union, these thrips species should be regulated as quarantine organisms. T. palmi and F. occidentalis can cause considerable damage to susceptible plants by feeding on them and transmitting several viruses responsible for serious plant diseases. Successful pest control strategies are based on an early, fast, and reliable diagnosis, which precedes the selection of appropriate steps to limit the effects of harmful organisms. We herein describe a novel diagnostic approach that enables the sensitive and species-specific detection (and differentiation) of these pests in a duplex polymerase chain reaction assay, which was adapted for both standard and real-time quantitative assays. Our method is based on the amplification of a 5.8S-internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA fragment that is conserved between T. palmi and F. occidentalis.

scholarly journals Characterization of E93 in neometabolous thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and Haplothrips brevitubus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254963
Author(s):  
Youhei Suzuki ◽  
Takahiro Shiotsuki ◽  
Akiya Jouraku ◽  
Ken Miura ◽  
Chieka Minakuchi
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Adult Transition ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Insect Metamorphosis ◽  
Krüppel Homolog 1

Insect metamorphosis into an adult occurs after the juvenile hormone (JH) titer decreases at the end of the juvenile stage. This generally coincides with decreased transcript levels of JH-response transcription factors Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and broad (br), and increased transcript levels of the adult specifier E93. Thrips (Thysanoptera) develop through inactive and non-feeding stages referred to as “propupa” and “pupa”, and this type of distinctive metamorphosis is called neometaboly. To understand the mechanisms of hormonal regulation in thrips metamorphosis, we previously analyzed the transcript levels of Kr-h1 and br in two thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thripidae) and Haplothrips brevitubus (Phlaeothripidae). In both species, the transcript levels of Kr-h1 and br decreased in the “propupal” and “pupal” stages, and their transcription was upregulated by exogenous JH mimic treatment. Here we analyzed the developmental profiles of E93 in these two thrips species. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that E93 expression started to increase at the end of the larval stage in F. occidentalis and in the “propupal” stage of H. brevitubus, as Kr-h1 and br mRNA levels decreased. Treatment with an exogenous JH mimic at the onset of metamorphosis prevented pupal-adult transition and caused repression of E93. These results indicated that E93 is involved in adult differentiation after JH titer decreases at the end of the larval stage of thrips. By comparing the expression profiles of Kr-h1, br, and E93 among insect species, we propose that the “propupal” and “pupal” stages of thrips have some similarities with the holometabolous prepupal and pupal stages, respectively.

scholarly journals A review. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are involved in the formation of some volatile compounds in wines

OENO One ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Claudio Delfini ◽  
Chiara Cocito ◽  
M. Bonino
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Grape Skins ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biological Motor

<p style="text-align: justify;">There are evidences that a grape must of a non aromatic vine, not having perfume and revealing by gaschromatographie only some classes of compounds common to the musts of all the vine varieties, can originate a pool of characterizing fragrant substances after contact with the yeast during fermentation. Therefore, despite the scarce scientific knowledge available on biochemical mechanisms involved in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> in the formation of a wine aromatic pattern, it can be likely hypothesized that the yeast could be the biological motor of this aromatic transformation. The yeast can act on the compounds of the must with many periplasmic enzymes (estérases, glycosidases, lyases, lipases, proteases, peptidases, pectolytiques) and several are the scientific contributions underlining the existence of an interaction between the yeast and the vine variety in the formation of wine aromatic characteristics. Besides the individual contribution of substances sensorially active, the yeast would contribute to the transformation of unknown varietal aromatic precursors that are in the grape skins and/or musts. The biochemical, genetic and physiological aspects of this transformation still have to be understood. At the end, we have to answer some important questions such as the mutual role that grape and/or yeast enzymes have during and soon after crushing in the liberation of the varietal precursors and in the conversion of these in fragrant compounds.</p>

scholarly journals Additions to the thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna of Odisha, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1522-1524
Author(s):  
R. R. Rachana ◽  
R. Varatharajan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
North India ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Distribution

Ten thrips species in ten genera of two families (Phlaeothripidae and Thripidae) of suborders Tubulifera and Terebrantia (Order Thysanoptera) are newly added to the fauna of Odisha, India. These species collected from various host plants are being reported for the first time from Odisha; three species in Phlaeothripidae and seven in Thripidae. Three species, Panchaetothrips stepheni, Scirtothrips bispinosus and Elaphrothrips greeni are recorded as new distribution reports from North India whereas, Crotonothrips polyalthiae has been newly reported from India. This survey reports newly added nine genera viz.,Astrothrips, Panchaetothrips, Selenothrips, Neohydatothrips, Den-drothripoides, Megalurothrips, Elaphrothrips, Crotonothrips and Karnyothrips and two subfamilies Panchaetothripi-nae and Idolothripinae to the fauna of Odisha. Diagnostic features, distribution and data on material studied for the-se species are given. The number of known species of thrips in Odisha is thus increased to 23.

Impact of Climate Change on a Key Agricultural Pest

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika A. Garrick ◽  
Oscar E. Liburd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

The world population is expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050 and most of this growth will occur in developing countries. As population increases, more arable lands will be used to construct cities and these activities increase CO2 in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. Climate assessments have shown rising sea levels and increase in the frequency of droughts in many dry areas. Prolonged droughts can decrease the relative amounts of water available for human consumption and agriculture. In developing countries agriculture contributes to more than 15% of GDP and when crops and livestock are deprived of water they become more susceptible to pests and diseases. As climate change continues to occur there is a need to develop strategies to manage key invasive pest and disease species that threaten agricultural production. Thrips are major agricultural pests with the majority of species in tropical regions. They are cosmopolitan in nature and damage crops when they feed and lay eggs in many parts of the plant. Thrips are also vectors for spreading plant diseases. They disperse quickly into new areas where susceptible hosts exist. This chapter focuses on a few important thrips species that threatens agricultural production in the Americas including Central and South America and the Caribbean. The chapter discusses the ecology and pest management strategies for key invasive thrips species and examines the potential effects of climate change on these troublesome species.

‘Phytophagous’ thrips are facultative predators of twospotted spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cotton in Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Wilson ◽  
L. R. Bauer ◽  
G.H. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Field Suppression ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response ◽  
Mite Eggs

AbstractPredatory feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations on cotton by phytophagous thrips, Thrips imaginis Bagnall, T. tabaci Lindeman and Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), was investigated in the field and laboratory. Phytophagous thrips are a common early season pest of cotton in Australia, though their true pest status is undefined. In California, the phytophagous thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)) is regarded as an opportunistic predator of mite eggs, their consumption of which increases fitness over a diet of leaf tissue alone. Thrips are among the most abundant of insects on young cotton. If they consume mite eggs, even at relatively low rates, they could have a significant influence on the probability of survival of early season spider mites. Consumption of eggs of T. urticae by thrips was investigated in the laboratory. Second instar F. schultzei consumed more eggs per day (ca. 4 eggs per day) than did second instar T. tabaci or T. imaginis (ca. l egg per day). Consumption by first instar F. schultzei was much lower than for second instars. Adult T. tabaci consumed ca. l egg per day whilst adults of F. schultzei consumed only ca. 0.5 eggs per day, although some individuals of this species did consume substantial numbers of eggs. Larvae of all thrips species showed a type II functional response to prey density. In the field, adults and larvae of T. tabaci and F. schultzei showed a preference for cotton seedlings that were also infested by spider mites. In a glasshouse, larvae of T. tabaci showed a highly significant preference for feeding within mite colonies. In the field, suppression of predators, predominantly T. tabaci and F. schultzei, with a broad spectrum insecticide (dimethoate) contributed to outbreaks of mites occurring earlier than they would have otherwise. The results show that phytophagous thrips eat mite eggs and that they are potentially important predators of spider mites in the field, especially given their abundance on young cotton and preference for inhabiting situations in which mite colonies are found.

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