scholarly journals Combatting Human Trafficking Holistically through Proactive Financial Investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Jill E B Coster van Voorhout
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Financial Intelligence ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Human trafficking — a crime with enormous human cost — is mostly money-driven. By focusing on its financial aspects, this article argues that enhancing financial investigations by making them proactive is crucial to combat this low-risk and high-profit offence holistically. By providing insight into research carried out as of 2015 in the framework of an anti-human trafficking public–private financial partnership in the Netherlands, this article indicates some concrete improvement in detecting potential victims in bank records, thereupon following financial flows, and ultimately discerning the structures, networks, interactions and patterns of this offence. While these findings specifically relate to the Dutch context, this contribution sets out actionable ways forward for other states as well. After detailing how to approach hard, soft and open source data, this article also explains how to improve international cooperation throughout the entire chain, from banks to financial intelligence units and law enforcement. Such enhancements are urgently needed if we are to live up to the international community’s pledge under three Sustainable Development Goals to combat human trafficking, so as to leave no one behind in our global economy.

scholarly journals Green Tourism in the Context of Sustainable Development and the Challenges Posed by the Global Economic Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
T. O. Zinchuk ◽  
◽  
T. V. Usiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Development Goals

The articles aims to substantiate the socio-economic, environmental, historical and cultural role played by green tourism and its contribution to the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals based on current innovative trends and capabilities of tourism in the face of challenges posed by the ongoing crisis in global economy caused by the latest pandemic. The objectives of the research were to detail the theoretical, methodological and applied approaches to the development of green tourism, which is a market sector providing travel services. The definition of green tourism has been made more profound through connecting it with the Sustainable Development Goals, which is rather logical. The motivating factors for the development of green tourism have been analyzed taking into account the model of multifunctionality in agriculture and its importance in rural development policy. The nature of changes in the green tourism sector has been identified with respect to the peculiarities of the current global situation, when a pandemic is restraining the world tourism intensity, on the one hand, and is stimulating local tourism, on the other. It is worth adding that local tourism is mostly green and focused on the conservation of the environmental and natural resources, as well as sustainment of mostly rural areas. The research carried out shows that green tourism can become a driving force for economic growth in rural areas, a motivator for employment, a factor in preserving rural culture and traditions in a particular area. At the same time, the results of the research prove the existence of a link between green tourism and national economic, environmental, socio-cultural, intellectual, energy security due to the most typical development priorities of such tourism. On analyzing the experience of the countries that suffered the pandemic most, we have found some prospects for green tourism development. It is a new system of partnership between the state, business and civil society which can become an additional incentive to preserve the potential of green tourism. Thus, strategic guidelines for green tourism development based on institutional priorities, with the current economic crisis challenges in mind, have been designed.

scholarly journals Development assistance for health: critiques, proposals and prospects for change

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suerie Moon ◽  
Oluwatosin Omole
Keyword(s):  
Priority Setting ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Assistance For Health ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
International Financing

AbstractAfter a ‘golden age’ of extraordinary growth in the level of development assistance for health (DAH) since 1990, funding seems to have reached a plateau. With the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals, debate has intensified regarding what international financing for health should look like in the post-2015 era. In this review paper, we offer a systematic overview of problems and proposals for change. Major critiques of the current DAH system include: that the total volume of financing is inadequate; financial flows are volatile and uncertain; DAH may not result in additional resources for health; too small a proportion of DAH is transferred to recipient countries; inappropriate priority setting; inadequate coordination; weak mechanisms for accountability; and disagreement on the rationale for DAH. Proposals to address these critiques include: financing-oriented proposals to address insufficient levels and high volatility of DAH; governance-oriented proposals to address concerns regarding additionality, proportions reaching countries, priority setting, coordination and accountability; and proposals that reach beyond the existing DAH system. We conclude with a discussion of prospects for change.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the Economy in the Context of the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals: An Overview of Key Expert Reports in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Alexander Maltsev ◽  
◽  
Vera Maltseva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Intergovernmental Policy

This review examines the key 2019 expert reports on the digitalization of the global economy in the context of the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Noting the beneficial overall impact of digitalization on the implementation of the key SDGs in relation to reduced poverty and misery, and increased social equality and ecological balance, the authors of the reports focus on the challenges that digitalization poses. Among the most important are: the threat of increasing social inequality as a result of the new international division of labour, the hyper-concentration of the digital market, the growing digital inequality, the threat to information security, and the weakening of the regulatory capacity of the state. The authors of the reports note that digitalization is a controversial process that can both help to achieve the SDGs and unwittingly hinder their implementation. In order for digitalization to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs, targeted and coordinated intergovernmental policy involving national and business stakeholders is important.

scholarly journals Prioritisation and Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Challenges and Opportunities for Bulawayo

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Vinnet Ndlovu ◽  
Peter Newman ◽  
Mthokozisi Sidambe
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

Cities are engines of socio-economic development. This article examines and provides insight into the extent of localisation of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using the City of Bulawayo (CoB), in Zimbabwe, as the case study. The key question posited is ‘Does Bulawayo demonstrate potential for sustainable development?’. Bulawayo is a strange case study as in the period of the Millennium Development Goals Zimbabwe had a massive increase in death rates from 2000 to 2010 due to the HIV pandemic, political chaos and economic disintegration of that period. Coming out of that period there was little to help cities like Bulawayo grasp the opportunity for an SDG-based development focus. However, after the paper creates a multi-criteria framework from a Systematic Literature Review on the localisation of the SDG agenda, the application to Bulawayo now generates hope. The city is emerging from the collapse of the city’s public transport and water distribution systems, once the envy of and benchmark for many local authorities in the country, and has detailed SDG plans for the future. Bulawayo now serves as a planning model for localisation of sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals OSD2F: An Open-Source Data Donation Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Araujo ◽  
Jef Ausloos ◽  
Wouter van Atteveldt ◽  
Felicia Loecherbach ◽  
Judith Moeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current State ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Data Ownership ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Readable Format ◽  
Machine Readable Format

The digital traces that people leave through their use of various online platforms provide tremendous opportunities for studying human behavior. However, the collection of these data is hampered by legal, ethical and technical challenges. We present a framework and tool for collecting these data through a data donation platform where consenting participants can securely submit their digital traces. This approach leverages recent developments in data rights that have given people more control over their own data, such as legislation that now mandates companies to make digital trace data available on request in a machine-readable format. By transparently requesting access to specific parts of this data for clearly communicated academic purposes, the data ownership and privacy of participants is respected and researchers are less dependent on commercial organizations that store this data in proprietary archives. In this paper we outline the general design principles, the current state of the tool, and future development goals.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Applied to Sustainable Development Goals and Human Trafficking

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
John N Mordeson ◽  
Sunil Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Member States ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Development Goals

In 2015, the leaders of all the UN’s Member States agreed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their 169 associated targets address five areas of critical importance: people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership. The purpose of this paper is to take the metrics and data provided and transform them into a fuzzy logic setting. This allows for the analysis of the results in SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2019 by using the techniques of fuzzy logic. Many of these 17 Sustainable Development Goals are related to the terrible crime of human trafficking. We also examine these goals in a fuzzy logic setting.

Money laundering in Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Stack
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Source Data

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role in tax evasion and corruption played in Ukraine by money-laundering organisations called “conversion centres”: networks of sham firms and banks implementing “black cash” schemes that facilitate tax evasion by the private sector and embezzlement by the state sector. The paper describes their embedding both in a post-Soviet state as well as in the international political economy. Design/methodology/approach – It draws on scholarship, journalist investigations, court records, government agency reports and other open source data and interviews with market participants. It first describes “conversion centres” as an ideal type and then presents three case studies, focusing on international financial flows and the domestic political setting. Findings – Ukraine’s conversion centres generate significant international flows of dirty money handled by specialised foreign banks mostly in the Baltic states. Domestically, conversion centres thrive through state capture, resulting from their facilitation of embezzlement by state actors. Research limitations/implications – Open source data and investigative methods make it possible to conduct empirical research in crime and corruption in the post-Soviet context. As open sources expand, the scope for such enquiry will increase. Originality/value – This is the first empirical description of “black cash” money-laundering platforms in terms of embedding in a post-Soviet state and in the international financial system.

Aligning G20 Initiatives with Africa’s Development Priorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Tigere
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Agenda 2063

The role of G20 and its impact on African and global policies have always been up for debate. Over the years since the establishment of the G20, policies ranging from climate change, financial flows and sustainable development have increasingly featured on the G20’s agenda. This agenda has expanded over the years to include much broader topics that are increasingly relevant to the global economic community. This has resulted in significant overlaps between the G20’s agenda and the African Union’s Development Agenda for 2063. These have been identified mainly because of the similarities across the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that the G20 has strived to incorporate. However, aligning African interests with the G20 agenda remains a core priority particularly for the African continent, which is impacted by G20 policies. In order to reach the envisioned goals set out in Agenda 2063, African priorities need to be fully aligned with those of the G20. With greater inclusivity and representation of African representatives and priorities, combined with support for Africa’s development agenda, more can be achieved that will have a meaningful impact on reaching the goals of the African Union’s Agenda 2063.

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