Grape Phylloxera (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae), on Cold-Hardy Hybrid Wine Grapes (Vitis spp.): A Review of Pest Biology, Damage, and Management Practices

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three pruning levels (20, 30 and 40 nodes per vine) and three fruit-zone leaf removal levels (0%, 50%, and 100%) on the yield and fruit quality of Frontenac gris and Marquette wine grapes in a northern production region. The study was conducted at three North Dakota vineyards located near Buffalo, Clifford, and Wahpeton, North Dakota, in 2011 and 2012. Increasing the number of buds retained increased yields and reduced pruning weights in both cultivars. Frontenac gris and Marquette yields were greatest when vines had 50% of the fruit-zone leaves removed due to heavier clusters, suggesting that the 100% fruit-zone leaf removal level was too severe. Individual berries in clusters were also heavier when vines were pruned to retain 40 buds. Frontenac gris fruit quality was similar both years and was not influenced by pruning or leaf removal levels. Marquette fruit total soluble solids content was greater in 2012 due to the warmer and longer growing season. Marquette fruit titratable acidity was lower when 100% of the fruit-zone leaves were removed. These results suggest that for the two cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes used in this study, greater bud retention levels should be investigated. Results also warrant further research into cultivar adaptiveness to northern Great Plains conditions. With further research, it is anticipated that wine grape cultivars and management practices will be identified to produce acceptable yields and fruit quality for commercial wine grape production.

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IN VITRO STUDIES ON GRAPE PHYLLOXERA PERFORMANCE ON VITIS SPP.

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2003.617.17 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 125-128

Author(s):

B. Fader ◽

A. Forneck ◽

M.A. Walker ◽

R. Blaich

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Studies ◽

Grape Phylloxera ◽

Vitis Spp

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Variation Within and Among Vitis spp. for Foliar Resistance to the Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe necator

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-10-0092 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 202-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lance Cadle-Davidson ◽

David R. Chicoine ◽

Nancy H. Consolie

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

Cold Hardy ◽

Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽

Vitis Spp ◽

Selection Of

To complement existing control strategies, grape growers desire cultivars with resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. Numerous disease resistance screens of diverse Vitis germplasm have been conducted previously to identify powdery mildew resistance but ratings of named cultivars were inconsistent and identities of resistant individuals in wild species were not typically provided. In the current study, controlled inoculations of a single isolate were made onto detached leaves from 1,025 Vitis accessions. The results were compared with natural epidemics in two vineyards: the cold-hardy Vitis spp. repository in Geneva, NY, in 2007–08, and a replicated vineyard of 89 Vitis accessions in Fredonia, NY in 2006–08. Of the genotypes screened using both natural infection and single-isolate inoculation, 33% were resistant to a single isolate but susceptible to diverse isolates in either or both vineyards, possibly due to race-specific resistance. This was exemplified by selection of E. necator genotypes virulent to Vitis labrusca in the Fredonia, NY vineyard, which is surrounded by production of the interspecific labrusca hybrids Concord and Niagara. Otherwise, there was good correlation of ratings between the vineyard and single-isolate ratings (r = 0.55 to 0.56) and between Geneva and Fredonia vineyard ratings (r = 0.75). No accession rated in all three screens was immune from infection. Although individual accessions of V. aestivalis, V. palmata, Vitis × doaniana, and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata were resistant in Geneva and Fredonia, each well-represented species had notable intraspecific variation in resistance. For 129 interspecific hybrids in this and previous studies, ratings infrequently corresponded among previous studies (39%) and between the current and previous studies (17 to 46%). However, three cultivars (Cayuga White, Diana, and Mars) were consistently rated as resistant across four independent studies. The results underscore the importance of uniform testing in multiple environments and the need for strategies for the development of cultivars with durable resistance.

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Grape Phylloxera: Incidence of Foliage Damage to Wine Grapes in Pennsylvania12

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/69.6.763 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 763-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. L. Jubb

Keyword(s):

Wine Grapes ◽

Grape Phylloxera

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The Significance, Ecology and Control of the Grape Phylloxera in Ontario

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent96150-1 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 96 (1-2) ◽

pp. 150-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. B. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Wine Grapes ◽

Grape Phylloxera ◽

And Control

Though historically noted as one of the most noxious pests of vines in Europe, California, and other places where vinifera-type grapes are grown extensively, the grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch), was for many years of little concern to grape growers in Canada. In the Niagara Peninsula, where more than 98% of Ontario grapes, and more than 95% of Canadian wine grapes, are grown, the insect has been known for many years in its most conspicuous form, in galls on the leaves of wild grapes and a few unimportant cultivated varieties. The more infamous root form was known to be present, but the resistance of the older American varieties growing in most of the vineyards was regarded as sufficient protection from a native American pest that at one time threatened to destroy the French wine industry.

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Simulated Abiotic Injury Alters Yields of Southern Interspecific Hybrid Grape Cultivars

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae5020044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Eric T. Stafne ◽

Becky L. Carroll

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Wine Grapes ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Weather Events ◽

Green Tissue ◽

Harvest Timing ◽

Vitis Spp ◽

Grape Cultivars

Climate change, including more volatile weather and longer growing seasons, is causing stress on grapevines (Vitis spp.). A change in harvest timing of wine grapes can have significant consequences. Thus, two methods (crop forcing and complete removal of green tissue) were employed to simulate abiotic vine injury. The harvest of bunch grapes in Mississippi occurs during July, a very hot month. ‘Miss Blanc’ and ‘Villard Blanc’ had four different crop forcing treatments imposed to determine yield amount and harvest timing. All treatments reduced yield. Harvest was delayed by 50 days, a potentially positive shift that was not enough to escape high temperatures. ‘Villard Blanc’ had no flower or fruit development after crop forcing treatments in May and June. ‘Miss Blanc’ yields were also significantly reduced by these treatments. Removal of green tissue to simulate injury from weather events such as frost, freeze, wind, or hail in both Mississippi and Oklahoma revealed that lost growth could reduce yields from 19% to 81%, which could influence grape grower management decisions.

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