scholarly journals Simulated Abiotic Injury Alters Yields of Southern Interspecific Hybrid Grape Cultivars

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Eric T. Stafne ◽  
Becky L. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Green Tissue ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Climate change, including more volatile weather and longer growing seasons, is causing stress on grapevines (Vitis spp.). A change in harvest timing of wine grapes can have significant consequences. Thus, two methods (crop forcing and complete removal of green tissue) were employed to simulate abiotic vine injury. The harvest of bunch grapes in Mississippi occurs during July, a very hot month. ‘Miss Blanc’ and ‘Villard Blanc’ had four different crop forcing treatments imposed to determine yield amount and harvest timing. All treatments reduced yield. Harvest was delayed by 50 days, a potentially positive shift that was not enough to escape high temperatures. ‘Villard Blanc’ had no flower or fruit development after crop forcing treatments in May and June. ‘Miss Blanc’ yields were also significantly reduced by these treatments. Removal of green tissue to simulate injury from weather events such as frost, freeze, wind, or hail in both Mississippi and Oklahoma revealed that lost growth could reduce yields from 19% to 81%, which could influence grape grower management decisions.

scholarly journals Response of Wine Grape Cultivars to Simulated Drift Rates of 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate, and 2,4-D or Dicamba Plus Glyphosate

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohseni-Moghadam ◽  
Scott Wolfe ◽  
Imed Dami ◽  
Douglas Doohan
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Length ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Length Reduction ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Wooster, OH, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to evaluate the responses of five wine grape cultivars to sublethal doses of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, and the ‘Riesling’ grape to mixtures of 2,4-D plus glyphosate and dicamba plus glyphosate. Treatments were made using a spray system calibrated to deliver 0.757 L min−1at 276 kPa and 4.8 km h−1. Herbicides were delivered through 8002 flat spray nozzles and applied at 1/30, 1/100, and 1/300 of the recommended field rate of 840, 560, and 840 g ae ha−1for 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, respectively. Injury was observed in all treatments 7 d after treatment (DAT). However, injury symptoms greater than 10% were observed 42 DAT in plants treated with 2,4-D at all rates and plants treated with dicamba at the two highest rates. Injury (35%) at 357 DAT was noted only in plants treated with the highest rate of 2,4-D. French hybrids showed slightly less injury symptoms compared with wine grapes at 7 and 42 DAT. Shoot length reduction in plants treated with 2,4-D at the highest rate was 43, 84, and 16% at 7, 42, and 357 DAT, respectively. Glyphosate caused the fewest injury symptoms in Riesling compared with 2,4-D and dicamba when applied separately or tank mixed with glyphosate. Shoot length reduction in Riesling was observed 42 DAT with all rates of 2,4-D, with and without glyphosate and dicamba, and dicamba plus glyphosate at the highest rate; however, at 357 DAT, no effect was observed in shoot length. Spray drift of 2,4-D and dicamba can severely injure grapes, with injury increasing with increased exposure. The combination of 2,4-D plus glyphosate caused greater injury and shoot length reduction in grapes than glyphosate applied alone.

Urban Population Knowledge of Climate Change in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

2013 ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Molina Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
International Policies ◽  
General Concern

Most scenarios indicate that people in developing countries are more vulnerable and less capable of adapting to climate change. Since our public understanding of risk toward climate change in developing countries is limited, this article presents results from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, two countries which are socio-economically distinct, but which are expected to suffer similar extreme weather events. From October of 2008 until May 2010, a total of 1,047 respondents were surveyed in cities of both countries. The main results indicate that climate change is a widely known concept but other notions such as “carbon footprint” are foreign to most respondents. Despite the general concern with its negative consequences, respondents’ foremost concern is linked to their socioeconomic situation, and how it will be impacted by climate change in such aspects as poverty and social security. The results presented here contribute to advance national and international policies aiming to support mitigation or adaptation strategies in developing countries.

Governing climate change for sustainable food production: A case study of emerging markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Robert Ddamulira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Document Review

This article addresses three research questions: How does climate change impact food production? What are the governance challenges associated with managing such impacts? What are the conditions for future success in managing the impacts of climate change on food production? To answer these questions, the researcher undertook a document review and analysis to address these various aspects with a major focus on East Africa. The study finds that climate change affects food production largely through its physical impacts on precipitation and increased the frequency of extreme weather events. Within a context of weak governance; climate change further challenges governance institutional structures and mechanisms. The study concludes that specific aspects of the prevailing climate change governance regime require major reforms (particularly the role of the state, corporations and civil society) while other climate governance mechanisms need to be completely overhauled (for example through establishment of a new World Environment Organization).

Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Okanagan Valley vineyards, British Columbia, Canada, and assessment of damage to table and wine grapes (Vitaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
Susanna Acheampong ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft fruit in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada since its detection in 2009. The study was conducted to determine the distribution of D. suzukii and damage levels in grapes. Apple cider vinegar-baited traps placed in table and wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus; Vitaceae) vineyards during 2011–2013 demonstrated that D. suzukii was numerous in all sites, with earliest emergence and highest numbers recorded in 2013. Drosophila suzukii were reared from intact and damaged table grapes and damaged wine grapes collected from the field, but not from intact wine grapes. Drosophila suzukii were reared in low numbers in 2011 from intact fruit of 11 wine grape cultivars exposed artificially in the laboratory. Susceptibility of intact wine grapes under laboratory conditions in 2011 when sour rot was widespread might relate in part to undetected infections of berries due to weather conditions. Identification of Drosophila Fallén species revealed that D. suzukii comprised a small portion of the total. Our results demonstrate that healthy wine grapes in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia are largely undamaged by D. suzukii, while certain table grape cultivars should be protected from attack.

scholarly journals The effect of climate change on the climatic regionalization of wine grapes in Northeast of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Yashan Li ◽  
Xueqiu Wang ◽  
Yulin Fang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Climatic Regionalization ◽  
Northeast Of China

scholarly journals A demographic approach to study effects of climate change in desert plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1606) ◽  
pp. 3100-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Salguero-Gómez ◽  
Wolfgang Siewert ◽  
Brenda B. Casper ◽  
Katja Tielbörger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Desert Plants ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Variable Precipitation

Desert species respond strongly to infrequent, intense pulses of precipitation. Consequently, indigenous flora has developed a rich repertoire of life-history strategies to deal with fluctuations in resource availability. Examinations of how future climate change will affect the biota often forecast negative impacts, but these—usually correlative—approaches overlook precipitation variation because they are based on averages . Here, we provide an overview of how variable precipitation affects perennial and annual desert plants, and then implement an innovative, mechanistic approach to examine the effects of precipitation on populations of two desert plant species. This approach couples robust climatic projections, including variable precipitation, with stochastic, stage-structured models constructed from long-term demographic datasets of the short-lived Cryptantha flava in the Colorado Plateau Desert (USA) and the annual Carrichtera annua in the Negev Desert (Israel). Our results highlight these populations' potential to buffer future stochastic precipitation. Population growth rates in both species increased under future conditions: wetter, longer growing seasons for Cryptantha and drier years for Carrichtera . We determined that such changes are primarily due to survival and size changes for Cryptantha and the role of seed bank for Carrichtera . Our work suggests that desert plants, and thus the resources they provide, might be more resilient to climate change than previously thought.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of table grape based on morphoagronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The conservation and characterization of grape (Vitis spp) genetic resources in germplasm banks have been the basis of its use in breeding programs that result in development of new cultivars. There are at least 10,000 grape cultivars kept in germplasm collection. The genetic diversity in 136 table grape accessions from the state of Bahia, Brazil, was evaluated. Continuous and discrete morphoagronomic traits were assessed. The clustering analysis by the Tocher otimization method resulted in 30 clusters (considering continuous morphoagronomic traits), and 9 clusters (taking into consideration multicategorical traits). There was no agreement between clusters obtained by both, continuous or discrete phenotypic descriptors, independent of the cluster method analysis used. A satisfactory genetic variability among the table grape accessions was observed.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Production and Productivity: A Case Study of Maize Research and Development In Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Lal Nayava ◽  
Dil Bahadur Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
Annual Maximum Temperature

The relation between climate and maize production in Nepal was studied for the period 1970/71-2007/08. Due to the topographical differences within north-south span of the country, Nepal has wide variety of climatic condition. About 70 to 90% of the rainfall occurs during summer monsoon (June to September) and the rest of the months are almost dry. Maize is cultivated from March to May depending on the rainfall distribution. Due to the availability of improved seeds, the maize yield has been steadily increasing after 1987/1988. The national area and yield of maize is estimated to be 870,166ha and 2159kg/ha respectively in 2007/08. The present rate of annual increase of temperature is 0.04°C in Nepal. Trends of temperature rise are not uniform throughout Nepal. An increase of annual temperature at Rampur during 1968-2008 was only 0.039°C. However, at Rampur during the maize growing seasons, March/April - May, the trend of annual maximum temperature had not been changed, but during the month of June and July, the trend of increase of maximum temperature was 0.03°C to 0.04°C /year.Key words: Climate-change; Global-warming; Hill; Mountain; Nepal; TaraiThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 59-69Uploaded Date: 15 September, 2010

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document