Sharīʿa in the Russian Empire: The Reach and Limits of Islamic Law in Central Eurasia, 1550–1917 Edited by Paolo Sartori and Danielle Ross

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Charles Weller
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
The Russian Empire

An ʿĀ lim in the Russian Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-90
Author(s):  
Nathan Spannaus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Islamic Institutions

Following the Russian conquests of the 16th century, ulama became the foremost social authorities for Volga-Ural Muslims. Tsarist efforts at governing the Muslim population increasingly focused on them in the 18th century, with greater tolerance and state support for Islamic institutions alongside a co-optation of scholars’ authority. In 1788, the Orenburg Spiritual Assembly was founded, placing all ulama under a hierarchy controlled by the state. The Spiritual Assembly offered stability and permanence to Islamic institutions, allowing for a flourishing in Islamic scholarship, but it also transformed the ulama and application of Islamic law. This chapter addresses Muslims’ shifting relationship to the Russian state and the structural changes to Islamic institutions, and how this impacted scholarship. Focusing specifically on ulama in the 18th and early 19th centuries, it places Qursawi’s life and career within this context, particularly his education, the formation of his thought, and his condemnation in Bukhara for heresy.

scholarly journals Zwei Briefe Philipp Johann von Strahlenbergs an Curt Friedrich aus den Jahren 1723 und 1724

1970 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Knüppel
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
The Russian Empire

In the article the author gives an edition of two letters of the famous German-Swedish geographer, officer, and one of the founding fathers of Siberian studies Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg (1677-1747) to the officer and pietist Curt Friedrich von Wreech (?-1757) from the years 1723 and 1724. Among other topics, mostly related to Pietist circles in the Russian Empire, the texts deal with the edition of v. Strahlenberg’s map of Northern and Central Eurasia.

scholarly journals ‘MA’IDA’: THE LITTLE-KNOWN THEOLOGICAL AND LEGAL TREATISE OF MUSA BIGEEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
A. G. Khairutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the description and introduction of the translation into Russian of one of the little-known theological and juridical works ‘Ma’ida’ (‘The Meal’) which was written by the prominent Tatar religious thinker Musa Jarullah Bigeev. The book published in 1914 is devoted to the identifi cation, analysis and solution of the Shari‘a problems in determining, what is permitted and what is forbidden in the Muslim diet. The work of the Tatar theologian is a good example of evolution of the Islamic fi qh and the actualization of Shari‘a in the conditions of Russian society on the eve of the great upheavals. It was written as a review on a number of social processes that took place in 1913–1914. In particular, the work is a response of Islamic traditional scientist to the legislative initiative of right-wing parties regarding the ritual slaughtering, submitted to the Duma in November 1913, which indicated a strong activity of M. Bigeev in the integration of the mechanisms of Islamic law in state institutions of the Russian Empire.

Constructing Colonial Legality in Russian Central Asia: On Guardianship

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe history of Islamic law in Russian Central Asia defies many of the categorizations offered by both global and Russian imperial history. Recent studies of law in the age of colonialism have concluded that the attainment of legal hegemony in the colonies was consequent upon the initiative of indigenes that strategically manipulated jurisdictions; as colonial subjects increasingly involved the state in their private conflicts, they effectively pushed their masters to consolidate the institutional arrangements through which the state dispensed justice. Historians of the Russian Empire have reached a diametrically different conclusion: under tsarist rule, they argue, Muslims continued to access the services of the “native courts,” which remained mostly untouched following Russia's southeastward expansion. As the empire promoted a policy of differentiated jurisprudence, Russians effectively safeguarded the integrity of Islamic law. I argue that both of the aforementioned approaches are confined to the level of institutional history, and thus fail to consider that the creation of colonial hegemony rested on ways in which colonial subjects understood law and viewed themselves as legal subjects. I show that Russians, from the outset of their rule in Central Asia, initiated Muslims into colonial forms of legality by overcoming the jurisdictional separation they had themselves put in place. In allowing the local population to file their grievances with the military bureaucracy, the Russians effectively pushed Central Asians to reify colonial notions of justice, and thereby distance themselves from the tradition of Islamic legal practices.

D. I. Mendeleev’s “cherished thoughts” on foreign trade and “proper protectionism”

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
T. N. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Competition Growth

Foreign trade policy and its role in the economic growth of the national economy are considered through the prism of history and comparison of the formation of the industrial economy in the Russian Empire and the North American United States. The author compares the protectionism of D. I. Mendeleev, described in his economic works, and the free trade thinking of the American scholar W. Sumner, who formulated the “misconceptions” of protectionism. Mendeleev’s proper protectionism is grounded on the basic principles (incentivizing internal competition, growth of consumption, bringing up of new industries ), which are relevant for contemporary Russia. The author gives a typical example of the formation and decline of the factory industry using the case of mirror factories in the Ryazan province. These historical analogies, the paper argues, are necessary for the correct assessment of the current situation and for coming up with valid solutions aimed at the development of the Russian economy.

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