Measurement of Irritability in Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Merelise Ametti ◽  
Robert R. Althoff
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Dysregulation Profile ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

While irritability is a symptom included in multiple DSM psychiatric illnesses, it has remained an ill-defined and underresearched phenomenon until relatively recently. There have been multiple attempts made to measure irritability in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the various approaches used in the measurement and empirical study of pediatric irritability. In this chapter, the authors describe attempts at measuring irritability with standardized diagnostic interviews, and then discuss how variable- and person-centered statistical models have shaped these earliest measures. The authors discuss models and measures that are emerging, including the construct of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder as well as measures such as the Affective Reactivity Index and the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile. They conclude that, given the transdiagnostic nature of irritability, efforts should be made to understand the relationship of irritability to various forms of developmental psychopathology using multiple methods.

The relationship of psychiatric illnesses and seizures

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Tsopelas ◽  
Ralph Saintfort ◽  
Gregory L. Fricchione
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Neurobiology of Attachment and Mentalizing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Luyten ◽  
Peter Fonagy
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter addresses the neurobiology of attachment and mentalizing from a developmental psychopathology perspective. It defines attachment, considers its key role in the modulation of the stress response, and describes the general neurobiological process by which this occurs. The chapter then considers the neurobiology of attachment and proceeds to discuss the neurobiological underpinning of mentalizing in relation to attachment and stress regulation. It also focuses on the early development of both capacities in relation to stress regulation and discusses the relationship to the development of psychopathology and personality disorder in particular across the lifespan, with a focus on early childhood and adolescence.

“Memory Function” in Psychiatric Patients Over Sixty, the Role of Memory in Tests Discriminating Between “Functional” and “Organic” Groups

1956 ◽  
Vol 102 (428) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Inglis ◽  
M. B. Shapiro ◽  
F. Post
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Organic Mental Disorder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports part of a research into the relationship of certain aspects of mental functioning and the psychiatric illnesses of old age. One of the apparent deficits of function to which much importance has been attached is “memory impairment”. This is commonly considered part of various clinical syndromes, especially of the “organic” mental disorder of the senium. The measurement or estimation of memory function is, therefore, thought to be of considerable importance and most clinicians working with elderly patients use some kinds of tests which purport to measure it. There are, however, some points of conflict between clinical usage and the evidence of objective investigations in this area. It has never, for example, been demonstrated in relation to memory assessment that “memory” as such, can usefully be considered as even relatively independent of intelligence in young normal adult subjects (Eysenck and Halstead (1)).

Family Communication, Prosocial Behavior and Emotional/Behavioral Problems in a Sample of Pakistani Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110239
Author(s):  
Sadia Saleem ◽  
Sayyeda T. Zahra ◽  
Sara Subhan ◽  
Zahid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aimed to determine the predictive relationship of family communication, prosocial behavior, and emotional/behavioral problems in adolescents. A sample of 273 adolescents (girls = 148; boys = 125), aged 11–18 years ( M = 14.41, SD = 1.53) were recruited through multistage sampling strategy. Family Communication Scale, Prosocial Scale, and Youth version of Child Behavior Checklist were used to measure family communication, prosocial behavior, and emotional/behavioral problems, respectively. Results indicated a significant positive association of family communication and prosocial behavior ( p < .001), and a significant negative association of family communication ( p < .001) and prosocial behavior ( p < .001) with emotional/behavioral problems. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that prosocial behavior partially mediated the relationship between family communication and emotional/behavioral problems ( p < .002). Results are discussed in terms of the manifestation of adolescents' problems in traditional and collectivistic cultures.

Phobic Reactions of Mothers to their Own Babies

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Sved-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Major Illness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Attachment Behaviour

A systematic review was carried out of all patients admitted to a specialised mother-baby unit who had significant phobic avoidance of their own infants. Demographic and diagnostic information on this group showed phobic avoidance to be common and associated with a range of psychiatric illnesses. There was a trend towards association with relatively prolonged admission. The relationship of such avoidance to attachment behaviour from mother to child is discussed. It is recommended that phobic symptoms warrant early recognition and treatment in their own right, simultaneously with treatment of the major illness.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Social Support and Neighborhood Perceptions among Individuals with HIV

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enbal Shacham ◽  
Julia D. López ◽  
Nur F. Önen ◽  
Edgar T. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Health

Social support has been noted to improve health outcomes for individuals with HIV. Understanding how neighborhoods contribute to feelings of social support is beneficial to create environments where populations with HIV can be supported. This study assessed the relationship between neighborhood perceptions and social support with HIV management. A total of 201 individuals were recruited; individuals with HIV, 18 years or older, who were eligible to participate in the 2-hour interview. Psychiatric diagnostic interviews were conducted alongside assessments of social support and neighborhood perceptions; biomedical markers were abstracted from medical records. Correlations and linear regression analyses were performed to assess relationships between social support and neighborhood perceptions with HIV management biomarkers. The majority of the sample was male (68.8%) and African American (72.3%), with a mean age of 43.1 years. Overall, 78% were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prescriptions, with 69% being virally suppressed. Fear of neighborhood activities was independently associated with receiving current cART. Reports of social support and neighborhood perceptions were highly correlated. Findings suggest that supportive home environments likely would improve perceptions of social support.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship of peripheral total bilirubin, red blood cell, and hemoglobin with blood pressure during childhood and adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-tian Chen ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Ya-ming Yang ◽  
Hai-long Zhao ◽  
Yan-chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Social relations and academic achievement in inner-city early elementary classrooms

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Estell ◽  
Thomas W. Farmer ◽  
Robert B. Cairns ◽  
Beverley D. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Elementary Classrooms ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
City Schools

There is a great deal of research documenting the relationship of peers to academic achievement in late childhood and adolescence, but little work documenting the extent to which this holds for younger children. The current research examined the classroom social structure and academic achievement of inner-city African-American early elementary schoolchildren. Ninety-two (53 boys, 39 girls) first-graders from two inner-city schools were followed for 2 years. Teacher ratings of popularity and academic ability were positively related, and distinct peer groups marked by similar levels of achievement of constituent members were identified. Longitudinal analyses found support for selective affiliation based on academic achievement.

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