Depression Cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis G. Castonguay ◽  
Michael J. Constantino ◽  
Larry E. Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
The Third ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Principles Of Change

This chapter presents three cases of depression that served as the basis for the clinician authors to showcase their implementation of empirically based principles of change, as described in subsequent chapters by three therapists. Of the three cases, one displays a co-morbidity of substance abuse, another shows a co-morbid personality disorder, and the third one has no substance abuse or personality disorder co-morbidity. The chapter also describes profiles of intervention of the three therapists who worked with the depression cases—profiles that are referred to in a later chapter delineating convergences and divergences among therapists’ implementation of principles of change.

Anxiety Disorders Cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis G. Castonguay ◽  
Michael J. Constantino ◽  
Larry E. Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
The Third ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principles Of Change

This chapter presents three cases of social anxiety disorder that served as the basis for the clinician authors to showcase their implementation of empirically based principles of change, as described in subsequent chapters by three therapists. Of the three cases, one displays a co-morbidity of substance abuse, another shows a co-morbid personality disorder, and the third one has no substance abuse or personality disorder co-morbidity. The chapter also describes profiles of intervention of the three therapists who worked with the social anxiety disorder cases—profiles that are referred to in a later chapter delineating convergences and divergences among therapists’ implementation of principles of change.

Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse Co-Morbidity

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen G. O'Daly ◽  
Olivier Guillin ◽  
Eva-Maria Tsapakis ◽  
Diana Martinez ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Co Morbidity

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Psychiatric Co-Morbidities is Alarmingly High for Patients undergoing Orthopedic Sports Medicine Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0039
Author(s):  
Zain Khazi ◽  
Kyle Duchman ◽  
Brian Wolf ◽  
Robert Westermann ◽  
Jacqueline Baron
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Labral Repair ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Text Figure ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Cuff Repair

Objectives: The prevalence of preoperative psychiatric comorbidities and substance abuse disorders among patients undergoing common sports medicine operative procedures has yet to be delineated. This study investigated the prevalence and influence of preoperative psychiatric comorbidities on costs following ten common orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Methods: The Humana Inc. administrative claims database was accessed using the PearlDiver research program to identify patients undergoing ten common Sports Medicine interventions (Starman et al,, JBJS, 2010) (Table 1): ACL reconstruction; PCL reconstruction; MCL repair/reconstruction; achilles reconstruction; rotator cuff repair; meniscal repair/reconstruction; hip arthroscopy; arthroscopic shoulder labral repair; patellofemoral instability; and shoulder instability repair from 2007-2017q1. Patients were stratified by preoperative diagnoses (Table 2) of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. Cohorts included patients with ≥1 psychiatric comorbidity [Psychiatric] vs. those without psychiatric comorbidities [No Psychiatric]. Patients were assessed for diagnosed substance-abuse disorders, including alcohol use disorder, opioid use disorder, or tobacco use disorder. Temporal trends from 2007-2016 [rate of ≥1 psychiatric co-morbidity] were assessed per 100,000 persons utilizing linear regression and ANOVA regression analyses. Differences in costs across groups were assessed utilizing MannWhitney tests using the R statistical tool housed within the PearlDiver research program. Results: The prevalence of ≥1 psychiatric co-morbidity [Psychiatric] in the whole database was 10.31% versus 21.21% amongst those patients undergoing one of the ten common orthopaedic interventions. Rotator cuff repair (28%), meniscus repair (24.58%), and hip arthroscopy with concomitant labral repair (26.27%) had the highest prevalence of patients with ≥1 psychiatric co-morbidity diagnosed preoperatively. The presence of ≥1 psychiatric co-morbidities diagnosed preoperatively versus those without psychiatric co-morbidities was associated with increased per capita patient costs (all p<0.01) for all procedures (Table 2). The rate of psychiatric co-morbidities remained elevated across all ten conditions (all p>0.05, Table 5-6; Figure 1) from 2007-2016. Conclusion: The prevalence of preoperatively diagnosed psychiatric comorbidities among patients undergoing orthopaedic sports medicine procedures (21.21%) is alarmingly high and nearly two times higher than baseline rates reported in the database. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities preoperatively was associated with increased costs for all investigated orthopaedic sports medicine procedures, warranting further investigation. 1Quality and Content of Internet-Based Information for Ten Common Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Diagnoses. Starman, J.S., Gettys, F.K., Capo, J.A., Fleischli, J.E., Norton, H.J. and Karunakar, M.A. JBJS. (92)1612-1618. 2010. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Personality disorder co-morbidity in primary care ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapy’ (IAPT) services: a qualitative study exploring patient perspectives on treatment experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gary Lamph ◽  
John Baker ◽  
Tommy Dickinson ◽  
Karina Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background: High numbers of people present with common mental health disorders and co-morbid personality disorder traits in primary care ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapies’ (IAPT) services in England and they receive sub-optimal treatments. No previous studies have explored the treatment experiences or needs of this patient population in England. Aims: This qualitative study explored the treatment experiences of patients (n = 22) with common mental health difficulties and co-morbid personality disorder as indicated by a score of 3 or more on the ‘Standardised Assessment of Personality – Abbreviated Scale’ (SAPAS) in receipt of primary care-based IAPT treatment. Method: A qualitative health research approach was used. Qualitative individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted. All interviews were audio recorded, data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework analysis approach. Results: Findings revealed a need to adapt away from prescriptive cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment models towards more flexible, personalised and individualised treatment with this patient group. Time to emotionally offload, build a therapeutic relationship and link past experiences to presenting problems were highlighted as important. Conclusions: For the first time, the needs and treatment experiences of this patient group have been explored. This paper provides a unique patient experience insight that should be considered when exploring new approaches to working with and developing effective interventions via a stepped care approach.

scholarly journals Relationship between substance abuse and first-episode psychosis - a South African perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Brink ◽  
Piet Oosthuizen ◽  
Robin Emsley ◽  
Irene Mbanga ◽  
Natasha Keyter
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
South African ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Onset ◽  
African Perspective

Background. Co-morbidity between substance abuse and psy- chotic disorders is high. Few studies have examined therelationship between first-episode psychosis and substance abuse. Several questions emerge from this common relationship and many of them remain unanswered.Objectives. To determine the effect of substance abuse on psychosis in terms of onset, duration, severity of symptoms, use of medication and outcome.Method. Thirty - three subjects with first-episode psychosis, as well as primary caregivers, were interviewed re g a rding substance abuse and its relation to illness. Thirty-six control subjects were also interv i e w e d .Results. Twenty-seven per cent of subjects abused substances in the 3 months before onset of illness, and 77.8% of the abusers w e re male. Subjects in the first-episode psychosis group were m o re likely to choose cannabis as their substance of abuse than c o n t rols. They also started abusing substances at a younger age than controls. Subjects with first-episode psychosis who abused substances presented at an earlier age than non-abusers. Substances affected symptoms at baseline presentation .Conclusions. Substance abuse has a significant impact on first- onset psychosis as far as age of onset and symptom severity are c o n c e rned. Subjects with an underlying vulnerability to psychosis seem to start abusing substances at an earlier age than the general population. Males are more likely to abuse substances than females.

Negative bias in fast emotion discrimination in borderline personality disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dyck ◽  
U. Habel ◽  
J. Slodczyk ◽  
J. Schlummer ◽  
V. Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Direct Discrimination

BackgroundThe ability to decode emotional information from facial expressions is crucial for successful social interaction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by serious problems in interpersonal relationships and emotional functioning. Empirical research on facial emotion recognition in BPD has been sparsely published and results are inconsistent. To specify emotion recognition deficits in BPD more closely, the present study implemented two emotion recognition tasks differing in response format.MethodNineteen patients with BPD and 19 healthy subjects were asked to evaluate the emotional content of visually presented stimuli (emotional and neutral faces). The first task, the Fear Anger Neutral (FAN) Test, required a rapid discrimination between negative or neutral facial expressions whereas in the second task, the Emotion Recognition (ER) Test, a precise decision regarding default emotions (sadness, happiness, anger, fear and neutral) had to be achieved without a time limit.ResultsIn comparison to healthy subjects, BPD patients showed a deficit in emotion recognition only in the fast discrimination of negative and neutral facial expressions (FAN Test). Consistent with earlier findings, patients demonstrated a negative bias in the evaluation of neutral facial expressions. When processing time was unlimited (ER Test), BPD patients performed as well as healthy subjects in the recognition of specific emotions. In addition, an association between performance in the fast discrimination task (FAN Test) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-morbidity was indicated.ConclusionsOur data suggest a selective deficit of BPD patients in rapid and direct discrimination of negative and neutral emotional expressions that may underlie difficulties in social interactions.

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