Clinical Issues
All seriously ill persons should complete advance directives specifying indications for limiting future provision of food and fluids. AD’s for SED specify When oral intake is to be limited and What limitations are to be imposed. Two categories include: (1) withholding all assisted oral intake from a person who has lost decision-making capacity, and previously indicated her wish to not receive any assisted feeding, and (2) Comfort Feeding Only (CFO) which involves providing as much or as little food and fluid as the patient seems to desire. CFO has three subcategories: (a) “Self-feeding only”—limiting oral intake to what the patient is able to self-administer. (b) Both “self-feeding” and “caregiver assisted-feeding” in whatever amount the patient enjoys. (c) “Minimum Comfort Feeding Only” is a modification for those who had expressed a desire to SED but lost decisional capacity before implementation, but now seem to desire food or fluid.