Animal Models

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Tadafumi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Genetic Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Choice Of Species

Animal models of mental disorders are important for the development of new treatment and biomarkers. Animal models should satisfy three validity criteria. The choice of species used for animal models depends on the purposes of the study. There are several established models of chromosomal abnormalities for autism and schizophrenia. Stress-induced animal models of depression are controversial. There have been no established models for bipolar disorder, but the authors recently proposed a genetic animal model showing recurrent spontaneous depression-like episodes. Optogenetic manipulation of neural circuit is also used for modeling of mental disorders. Progress in psychiatric genetics will lead to the generation of valid animal models of psychiatric disorders.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

scholarly journals Elevated Brain Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Induces Depressive-Like Phenotypes in Rodent Models: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Dorsa Rafiei ◽  
Nathan J. Kolla
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

Altered activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system, has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). It is speculated that increased brain FAAH expression is correlated with increased depressive symptoms. The aim of this scoping review was to establish the role of FAAH expression in animal models of depression to determine the translational potential of targeting FAAH in clinical studies. A literature search employing multiple databases was performed; all original articles that assessed FAAH expression in animal models of depression were considered. Of the 216 articles that were screened for eligibility, 24 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Three key findings emerged: (1) FAAH expression is significantly increased in depressive-like phenotypes; (2) genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of FAAH effectively reduces depressive-like behavior, with a dose-dependent effect; and (3) differences in FAAH expression in depressive-like phenotypes were largely localized to animal prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. We conclude, based on the animal literature, that a positive relationship can be established between brain FAAH level and expression of depressive symptoms. In summary, we suggest that FAAH is a tractable target for developing novel pharmacotherapies for MDD.

scholarly journals Progesterone after Estradiol Modulates Shuttle-Cage Escape by Facilitating Volition

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. JEN.S32735
Author(s):  
Darryl J. Mayeaux ◽  
Sarah M. Tandle ◽  
Sean M. Cilano ◽  
Matthew J. Fitzharris
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Escape Learning

In animal models of depression, depression is defined as performance on a learning task. That task is typically escaping a mild electric shock in a shuttle cage by moving from one side of the cage to the other. Ovarian hormones influence learning in other kinds of tasks, and these hormones are associated with depressive symptoms in humans. The role of these hormones in shuttle-cage escape learning, however, is less clear. This study manipulated estradiol and progesterone in ovariectomized female rats to examine their performance in shuttle-cage escape learning without intentionally inducing a depressive-like state. Progesterone, not estradiol, within four hours of testing affected latencies to escape. The improvement produced by progesterone was in the decision to act, not in the speed of learning or speed of escaping. This parallels depression in humans in that depressed people are slower in volition, in their decisions to take action.

What should animal models of depression model?

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Frazer ◽  
David A. Morilak
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression

Divergent maternal behavioral patterns in two genetic animal models of depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Braw ◽  
O. Malkesman ◽  
A. Merenlender ◽  
M. Dagan ◽  
A. Bercovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression

Stress-based animal models of depression: Do we actually know what we are doing?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1652 ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yin ◽  
Nuri Guven ◽  
Nikolas Dietis
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression
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