Symptom Heterogeneity in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Conceição do Rosário ◽  
Marcelo Batistutto ◽  
Ygor Ferrao
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Heterogeneous Condition ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

This chapter reviews the most relevant studies using the dimensional approach to describe the range of OCD symptomatology. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous condition. This heterogeneity is problematic because it can make it difficult to interpret the results of clinical, genetic and neuroimaging studies and limits the development of more effective treatment strategies. Recently, a dimensional approach to dealing with the OCD heterogeneity has been proposed. Factor analytic studies have found from three to six obsessive compulsive symptom (OCS) dimensions (or factors), which represent groups of obsessions and compulsions that tend to co-occur. Many authors have reported that these OCS dimensions are similar in children, adolescents, and adults and are temporally stable. The usefulness and validity of this dimensional approach has been proven by studies reporting the association between the OCS dimensions and various genetic, neuroimaging and treatment response variables.

scholarly journals Thought-Action Fusion as Predictors of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Seung Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

Objective There have been several studies investigating the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, studies about the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs, especially thought-action fusion (TAF), and OC symptom dimensions have been scarce. Therefore, this study examined to what extent and how TAF subcomponents account for unique variability in four OC symptom dimensions.Methods Sixty-five patients with OCD and 45 healthy controls aged between 18 and 30 years completed measures for OC symptom dimensions, OC symptoms, and dysfunctional beliefs such as TAF, trait-guilt, and inflated responsibility.Results Three facets of TAF were exclusively associated with two symptom domains, namely, responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts, and explained the additional but small amount of variance to predict these two domains. In particular, the likelihood-others TAF positively predicted the unacceptable thoughts domain, whereas the likelihood-self TAF negatively predicted the aforementioned domain. For OC symptoms measured by the OC Inventory, no TAF components predicted the corresponding obsessing and mental neutralizing symptoms.Conclusion This study provides supporting evidence that the three TAF subcomponents may be differently associated with certain OC symptom dimensions, and a dimensional approach may complement typical symptom-oriented OC measures.

Beyond Belief: Incremental Prediction of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder by Looming Vulnerability Illusions

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Riskind ◽  
Neil A. Rector
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Cognitive models argue that obsessions and compulsions arise from distorted beliefs and exaggerated interpretations of intrusive thoughts. While these models have led to important advances, recent research has suggested the need to go beyond the factors the models identify. One new factor to consider may involve looming vulnerability, the production of dynamic mental scenarios of danger outcomes (e.g., contamination, harming, losing wanted possessions) as rushing through time and space and escalating in odds of harm for the self. Looming vulnerability is a different form of cognition that differs from belief factors because it concerns the process of anticipating noxious events as rapidly rising in risk rather than static beliefs about the final end states (e.g., responsibility, perfection). The present study tested looming vulnerability by examining a small cohort of 37 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Results provide strong preliminary evidence that looming vulnerability in OCD-related themes (e.g., contamination, hoarding, and pure obsessional) contributes significant and substantial variance to the prediction of obsessive compulsive symptom severity on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale beyond the effects of beliefs and interpretations. Thus, looming vulnerability may represent a different form of cognitive vulnerability for the development and persistence of clinical obsessions that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Suppression of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms after Head Trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini ◽  
Paria Azari ◽  
Roohollah Abdi ◽  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) encompasses a spectrum of clinical symptoms characterized by unwanted thoughts coupled with an intense compulsion to act and to repeat behavior fragments in a ritualistic and stereotyped sequence. Obsessive-compulsive symptom due to brain lesions is not rare, but suppression of these symptoms after head trauma is very rare and we found only 3 cases in review of literatures from 1966 to 2001. The case of a patient suffering with severe OCD is described of note; her symptoms disappeared following right temporo-parietofrontal lesion.

scholarly journals Obsessions and compulsions in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa J. Russell ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Martin Anson ◽  
Declan G. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive behaviours are common and disabling in autistic-spectrum disorders (ASD) but little is known about how they compare with those experienced by people with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).AimTo make such a comparison.MethodA group of adults with high-functioning ASD (n=40) were administered the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale and Symptom Checklist and their symptoms compared with a gender-matched group of adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD (n=45). OCD symptoms were carefully distinguished from stereotypic behaviours and interests usually displayed by those with ASD.ResultsThe two groups had similar frequencies of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, with only somatic obsessions and repeating rituals being more common in the OCD group. The OCD group had higher obsessive–compulsive symptom severity ratings but up to 50% of the ASD group reported at least moderate levels of interference from their symptoms.ConclusionsObsessions and compulsions are both common in adults with high-functioning ASD and are associated with significant levels of distress.

scholarly journals Is a Ruminative Thinking Style Related to Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity Beyond Its Associations with Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Severity?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta V. Heinzel ◽  
Martin Kollárik ◽  
Marcel Miché ◽  
Annika Clamor ◽  
Andrea Ertle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that a ruminative thinking style (RTS) is positively associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and might be involved in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We sought to replicate this association in a sample of individuals with OCD, controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, and to extend previous studies by including an interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. A sample of 140 individuals diagnosed with OCD participated in a cross-sectional observational study. Participants completed questionnaire measures of an RTS as well as obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptom severity. Obsessive-compulsive symptom severity was additionally assessed with an interview. When statistically controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, an RTS continued to predict the questionnaire, but not the interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. We discuss possible explanations for these mixed findings, emphasizing the unique aspects of each measure, and consider implications for further research on OCD.

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