Neurobiological Pathways Involved in Fear, Stress, and PTSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Heim ◽  
Katharina Schultebraucks ◽  
Charles R. Marmar ◽  
Charles B. Nemeroff
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Stress Sensitization ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

This chapter examines current findings relating to the molecular neuropharmacology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Studies consistently show that neurochemical alterations after trauma exposure are associated with the development of PTSD and reflect in part stress sensitization in PTSD. We also review neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, and related molecular features that reflect preexisting vulnerability factors for the development of PTSD. In this chapter, we provide an overview of recent neuroendocrine findings mainly with regard to the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis. We also review recent neurochemical findings including the influence of different neurotransmitters such as catecholamines, serotonin, amino acids, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and lipids. We incorporate these new and established neurobiological findings into a proposed integrative model of the neurobiology of PTSD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaru Chen ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Chengyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan An ◽  
Yiming Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Negative News

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people around the world and killed more than 300,000 people; thus, it has become a global public health emergency. Our objective was to investigate the mental health of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Trauma Exposure Scale, abbreviated version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Demographic Questionnaire were used to examine posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, trauma exposure, resilience and perceived social support among 898 patients who were hospitalized after being diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. The data were analyzed with t tests, one-way ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety was 13.2, 21.0 and 16.4%, respectively. Hospitalized patients who were more impacted by negative news reports, had greater exposure to traumatic experiences, and had lower levels of perceived social support reported higher PTSD, depression and anxiety. Conclusions Effective professional mental health services should be designed to support the psychological wellbeing of hospitalized patients, especially those who have severe disease, are strongly affected by negative news and have high levels of exposure to trauma.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Trauma Exposure, and the Current Health of Canadian Bus Drivers

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Kumar Vedantham ◽  
Alain Bru net ◽  
Rich ard Boyer ◽  
Dan iel S Weiss ◽  
Thomas J Metzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Current Health

scholarly journals Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in adults with severe mental illness: A critical review

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk L. Grubaugh ◽  
Heidi M. Zinzow ◽  
Lisa Paul ◽  
Leonard E. Egede ◽  
B. Christopher Frueh
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure

scholarly journals Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Incarcerated Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Wolff ◽  
Jessica Huening ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
B. Christopher Frueh
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Incarcerated Men

Alcohol abuse in subjects developing or not developing posttraumatic stress disorder after trauma exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Marcella Brunetti ◽  
Giovanni Martinotti ◽  
Gianna Sepede ◽  
Federica Vellante ◽  
Federica Fiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Exposure

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Food Addiction in Women by Timing and Type of Trauma Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Mason ◽  
Alan J. Flint ◽  
Andrea L. Roberts ◽  
Jessica Agnew-Blais ◽  
Karestan C. Koenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Neural Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Trauma Exposure, and Postmigration Stress in Response to Fear Faces in Resettled Refugees

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda J. Liddell ◽  
Jessica Cheung ◽  
Tim Outhred ◽  
Pritha Das ◽  
Gin S. Malhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cumulative Trauma ◽  
The Impact

Refugees are exposed to multiple traumatic events and postmigration stressors, elevating risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but there is limited research into how these factors affect emotional neural systems. Here, resettled refugees in Australia ( N = 85) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while viewing fear and neutral faces. We examined the influence of PTSD symptoms, cumulative trauma, and recent postmigration stress on neural reactivity and regional coupling within the refugee sample. Cumulative trauma and postmigration stress but not PTSD symptoms correlated with fear-related brain activity and connectivity. Trauma exposure correlated with stronger activity but overall decreased connectivity in the bilateral posterior insula/rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Postmigration stress correlated with fusiform gyrus hyperactivity and increased connectivity in face-processing networks. Findings highlight the impact of past trauma and recent postmigration stress on fear-related neural responses within refugees over and above PTSD symptoms.

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