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2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
A. B. Neuzorava ◽  
S. V. Skirkovsky

During the COVID-19, pandemics or worsening virus situation, taxi and regular-route bus drivers are recommended to work in medical masks. However, the quantitative and qualitative influence of wearing protective face masks on safety of driving vehicles has not been previously studied. Therefore, this became the objective of preliminary studies to determine the specifics of the influence of a face protective mask on the change in psychophysiological qualities of a car driver as a factor in safety eventuality under urban traffic conditions.The method of an open-ended survey of 108 healthy adult drivers was used to obtain a quantitative subjective assessment of the effect of face masks on changing driving safety conditions and a comfortable emotional state while driving. A qualitative analysis of assessment of the level of psychophysiological qualities of drivers wearing and not wearing a face mask was carried out using Meleti hardware-software complex.A sharp decrease in neuropsychic functions with a simultaneous increase in quality of thinking and visual analysis of the traffic situation was revealed regarding the drivers wearing a face protective mask compared to those driving without a mask while the level of psychomotor reaction remains unchanged regardless of the gender of the driver.The subjective assessment of survey participants of the effect of a face mask on professionally important, psychophysiological characteristics of drivers revealed a significant (41,7 %) or insignificant (20,4 %) decrease in reaction, while 38 % of drivers did not notice significant changes in driving because of the effect of the mask.Based on these results, it is assumed that the face mask may serve as a predictor of a road pre-accident situation.To assess the effect of the face mask on the driver, a coefficient of eventuality of reducing road safety is proposed. It is recommended to use it as an additional factor in a situational pandemic environment when developing recommendations for the use of face masks for car and bus drivers, and when analysing the causes of road accidents. 


Author(s):  
Maryam Maghsoudipour ◽  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Sara Moghimi ◽  
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ◽  
Pamela N. DeYoung ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Olivier Munyaneza ◽  
Jung Woo Sohn

This paper describes the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of hybrid MR damper on quarter bus semi-active seat suspension coupled with human biodynamic model. Also, the whole body vibration (WBV) exposures were evaluated based on the international standard ISO 2631 (1997), and its parameters were used to measure the level of discomfort for bus drivers. The hybrid MR damper was proposed to enhance the damping force within low current supplied and achieve a fail-soft capability in case of electrical failure. The characteristics of the proposed hybrid MR damper were compared to the conventional MR damper by considering the same size, materials, and current input. The designed damper was incorporated to seat suspension system coupled with biodynamic lumped model, and the governing equations of motion of the full model were derived. Skyhook controller was used to control the amount of current to be supplied to hybrid MR damper. The controlled semi-active hybrid MR and conventional MR seat suspension are compared to uncontrolled system for two types of road excitation. The simulated results show that the driver seat comfort was improved by the skyhook controller than the uncontrolled case. The evaluated WBV showed that the hybrid MR damper can improve the driver life from fairly uncomfortable to little discomfort.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Elsa Eka Putri ◽  
Lillian Gungat ◽  
Dewi Nur Atieqah Binti Baharun Alam

Driving behaviour has been studied by numerous researchers for the past few years. It includes the instantaneous driving behaviour observations and the drivers speed which are said to be influenced by many factors, such as the demographic measure of the drivers, environmental, passenger effect, and road characteristics. This paper describes the recent analysis and classification of driver behaviour in actual driving scenarios among the bus drivers in Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Main Campus, Kota Kinabalu. This research focussed on determining the riderships of bus in UMS campus, to investigate the differences of instantaneous driving behaviours of bus drivers during the acceleration phase when leaving bus stops, and to poduce the classification of the bus driving behaviour in UMS based on the driver’s accelerations. In order to achieve the objective of this study, observations were made for determining the riderships and the differences in instantaneous bus driving behaviour several times for each bus stops. For drivers speed and accelerations, a mobile applications called Speedometer GPS was used to obtain the data. Interview was conducted to a total number of 10 respondents to obtain their demographic measure. The results obtained shows the ridership of UMS bus is the highest in the afternoon peak. The instantaneous driving behaviour produce the head movement as the highest percentage during peak hour, and inattentive behaviour as the highest during the off peak hour. The bus drivers in UMS were classified as Aggressive and Calm Behaviour Category.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rashmi R ◽  
Vidyavati H G ◽  
C N Manjunath

It is anticipated that occupational bus drivers are at risk of non-communicable diseases. Present study aims at assessing the nutritional status and analyzing the risk factors associated, which could increase the probability of non-communicable diseases among bus drivers and conductors working for Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation.120 professional drivers and conductors who attended annual health checkup were included. A pre designed questionnaire elicited information about anthropometry, dietary, physical activity and sleep pattern of the subjects. Lipid profile and blood glucose levels were recorded from annual health check up reports. Mean age of the subjects was 44 years with BMI ranging between 25- 29.9Kg/m2. 73.3% had mixed diet pattern, 40% skip their meals sometime and majority eat their meals outside home most of the days in a week.74.2% didn’t indulge in physical activity. 56.7% subjects slept six to seven hours per day. 17.5% were diabetic, 52.5%, 80.8% and 17.5%had higher serum triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein and total cholesterol respectively. 57.5% had lower High Density Lipoprotein levels. 8.3%, 21.7% and 15% were smokers, alcoholic and tobacco chewers respectively. ‘t’ test analysis showed significant difference between energy, protein and visible fat intake with that of Recommended Dietary Allowance and Estimated Average Requirement. Total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein and serum triglycerides had positive correlation with energy, protein and visible fat intake and BMI. Considerable risk factors for non-communicable diseases were observed among the subjects; effective diet counseling with regular follow up and monitoring is necessary to prevent the same. Key words: Occupational drivers, nutritional status, risk factors, dietary pattern, physical activity, Non Communicable Diseases, effective counseling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Taras Postranskyy ◽  
◽  
Mykola Boikiv ◽  

Ensuring the transport process requires proper interaction of all parts of the system "driver - car - road - environment" and its subsystems. In this case, the driver is often a "weak" component of the system, and his actions can reduce the level of road users` safety. It should be noted that the reliability of the driver can be considered as the probability of his trouble-free and error-free operation, as well as the proper level of his regulatory mechanisms functioning. In this case, to analyze the activities and readiness of the driver for his professional activities, indicators of functional status are often used. Thus, the study of the "human factor" in the transport process is an important task to ensure the reliability of the whole transport system. Today the most of all transportation is carried out by road. The timeliness and safety of cargo delivery and passenger safety depend on the driver's actions. At the same time, the driver is influenced by a considerable number of external environmental factors during his work. One of the most important factors is the mountainous traffic conditions, which often have many changes in plan and the profile of roads. Another feature of such traffic conditions is the height above sea level, affecting the human body, particularly its functional state. Considering the above, the paper measures the heart rate variability of bus drivers moving on a route that was partly in the mountain's conditions. During the research, video recording and registration of the vehicle's geolocation were also carried out. This made it possible to establish indicators of the driver`s functional state in specific periods. After processing the obtained values, the influence of mountainous traffic conditions on the bus drivers` indicator of regulatory systems’ activity was established.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260211
Author(s):  
Echezona Nelson Dominic Ekechukwu ◽  
Erobogha Useh ◽  
Obumneme Linky Nna ◽  
Nmachukwu Ifeoma Ekechukwu ◽  
Ogbonna Nnajiobi Obi ◽  
...  

Introduction Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a leading causes of occupational injury and disability among drivers and workers in the transport industry. This study evaluated the ergonomically assessed WMSD and its determinants among Nigerian commercial mini bus drivers (BD) and mini bus conductors (BC) Method A total of 379 participants (BD = 200, BC = 179) were purposively sampled for this exploratory cross-sectional study. Participants’ WMSD and work related variables were respectively assessed using the standardized Nordic questionnaire and a content-validated, Driving Work Station Assessment (DWSA) form. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using chi-square and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. Results The participants were aged between 20 and 66 years, with a mean age of 33.26±10.76years (BD = 38.42±10.22years, BC = 27.50±8.13years); most of whom consumed alcohol (84.4%) and experienced severe job stress (73.4%). There was a high prevalence (95.8%; BD = 94.5%, BC = 97.8%) of WMSDs, the lower back (66.8%) and upper back (54.1%) had the highest regional prevalence of WMSD. The BC (BC vs BD) had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of Neck (47.7% vs 21.5%) and upper back (80.4% vs 30.5%) WMSDs. Conversely, the BD (BD vs BC) had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of low-back (85.0% vs 46.4%), knee (25.0% vs 9.5%), elbow (11.5% vs 3.9%), and wrist (10.5% vs 3.4%) WMSD. There was a significant association between WMSD and each of work duration (X2 = 11.634, p = 0.009), work frequency (X2 = 8.394, p = 0.039), job dissatisfaction (X2 = 10.620, p = 0.001) and job stress (X2 = 16.879, p = 0.001). Working beyond 4days/week (OR = 10.019, p = 0.001), job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.990, p = 0.031), constrained working postures (OR = 5.324, p = 0.003) and fatigue (OR = 4.719, p = 0.002) were the predictors of WMSD. Conclusion Job stress, work duration and work frequency, posture and fatigue are important determinants of WMSDs among mini bus drivers and their assistants in Nigeria. Ergonomics training intervention for this population is recommended.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisan Karimi ◽  
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh ◽  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Obeidollah Faraji ◽  
Khaled Rahmani

Abstract Background Truck, bus, transit drivers, and men with mobile jobs are at high risk for HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV and risky behaviors among truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 601 bus and truck drivers in Kurdistan province during 2018–2019. Data on high-risk behaviors were collected using a standard questionnaire. ELISA test was used to detect HIV in the study participants. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U tests, and logistic regression modeling in Stata-14 software. Results The mean and standard deviation of the age of study participants was 44.04 ± 11.44 years. HIV rapid test was positive in two subjects; in other words, the prevalence of HIV in the study population was 0.33%. Ninety-two (15.3%) individuals reported a history of drug use, with one (1.1%) having a history of injecting drugs. One hundred and thirty-one (21.8%) of them had a history of high-risk sexual behavior outside of marriage. Conclusion According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in bus and truck drivers is high. It seems necessary to direct the drivers’ attention to self-care while considering disciplinary intervention programs to prevent the use of drugs, cigarettes, alcohol along with high-risk sexual behaviors to maintain the health of drivers and passengers.


Author(s):  
D. K. Illangasinghe ◽  
M. A. A. P. Alagiyawanna ◽  
D. B. D. L. Samaranayake ◽  
N. Fernando

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