PTSD in Children 6 Years and Younger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. De Young ◽  
Michael S. Scheeringa
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Dsm 5

This chapter is an overview of the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM-5) subtype “posttraumatic stress disorder for children 6 years and younger” and what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder during early childhood. It outlines issues that complicate the accurate assessment of trauma-related problems in young children and reviews the new DSM-5 category, instruments currently available, and evidence for different treatment options. Young children are a high-risk population for exposure to traumatic events and are likewise at risk of developing trauma- and stressor-related disorders following trauma exposure. Early childhood is associated with unique vulnerabilities that may put young children at risk of poor outcomes and rapid maturational growth that may enhance resilience. Early and accurate assessment and treatment of posttrauma reactions in very young children can be challenging, but, because of these factors, it is critical.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Very Young Children: Diagnostic Agreement Between ICD-11 and DSM-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Vasileva ◽  
Ann-Christin Haag ◽  
Markus A. Landolt ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Agreement ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Very Young Children

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of 1,044 inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder: current status and trends in German-speaking countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias A. Reinhard ◽  
Johanna Seifert ◽  
Timo Greiner ◽  
Sermin Toto ◽  
Stefan Bleich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Prescription Rates

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with limited approved pharmacological treatment options and high symptom burden. Therefore, real-life prescription patterns may differ from guideline recommendations, especially in psychiatric inpatient settings. The European Drug Safety Program in Psychiatry (“Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie”, AMSP) collects inpatients’ prescription rates cross-sectionally twice a year in German-speaking psychiatric hospitals. For this study, the AMSP database was screened for psychiatric inpatients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD between 2001 and 2017. N = 1,044 patients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD were identified with 89.9% taking psychotropics. The average prescription rate was 2.4 (standard deviation: 1.5) psychotropics per patient with high rates of antidepressant drugs (72.0%), antipsychotics drugs (58.4%) and tranquilizing drugs (29.3%). The presence of psychiatric comorbidities was associated with higher rates of psychotropic drug use. The most often prescribed substances were quetiapine (24.1% of all patients), lorazepam (18.1%) and mirtazapine (15.0%). The use of drugs approved for PTSD was low (sertraline 11.1%; paroxetine 3.7%). Prescription rates of second-generation antipsychotic drugs increased, while the use of tranquilizing drugs declined over the years. High prescription rates and extensive use of sedative medication suggest a symptom-driven prescription (e.g., hyperarousal, insomnia) that can only be explained to a minor extent by existing comorbidities. The observed discrepancy with existing guidelines underlines the need for effective pharmacological and psychological treatment options in psychiatric inpatient settings.

A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE NEW AND REVISED SYMPTOMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN DSM-5

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Koffel ◽  
Melissa A. Polusny ◽  
Paul A. Arbisi ◽  
Christopher R. Erbes
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Dsm 5

scholarly journals Psychometric Validation of the English and French Versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0161645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Ashbaugh ◽  
Stephanie Houle-Johnson ◽  
Christophe Herbert ◽  
Wissam El-Hage ◽  
Alain Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Dsm 5

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among trauma-exposed adolescents from low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusko Stupar ◽  
Dejan Stevanovic ◽  
Panos Vostanis ◽  
Olayinka Atilola ◽  
Paulo Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with the development and maintenance of various psychiatric disorders, but most frequently with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of traumatic events experienced and the presence and predictors of PTSD symptoms among adolescents from the general population from ten low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods Data were simultaneously collected from 3370 trauma-exposed adolescents (mean age = 15.41 [SD = 1.65] years, range 12–18; 1465 (43.5%) males and 1905 (56.5%) females) in Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, the Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Romania, and Serbia, with Portugal, a high-income country, as a reference point. The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for the DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) was used for the assessment of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms. Results The most frequently reported traumatic events were death of a close person (69.7%), witnessing violence other than domestic (40.5%), being in a natural disaster (34.4%) and witnessing violent death or serious injury of a close person (33.9%). In total, 28.5% adolescents endorsed two to three DSM-5 PTSD criteria symptoms. The rates of adolescents with symptoms from all four DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were 6.2–8.1% in Indonesia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, and 9.2–10.5% in Philippines, Croatia and Brazil. From Portugal, 10.7% adolescents fall into this category, while 13.2% and 15.3% for the Palestinian Territories and Nigeria, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that younger age, experiencing war, being forced to have sex, and greater severity of symptoms (persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significant predictors of fulfilling full PTSD criteria. Conclusions Nearly every third adolescent living in LMICs might have some PTSD symptoms after experiencing a traumatic event, while nearly one in ten might have sufficient symptoms for full DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. The findings can inform the generation of PTSD burden estimates, allocation of health resources, and designing and implementing psychosocial interventions for PTSD in LMICs.

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