Dispersion of Contaminants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Lippmann ◽  
Richard B. Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Plume Dispersion ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Range Transport

This chapter describes the pathways and dynamics of chemical contaminants within the various structural layers. In the atmosphere, the chemical contaminants are transferred by diffusion, turbulence, plume dispersion, long-range transport, and tropospheric-stratospheric interchange. They are transferred to the hydrosphere by surface deposition, rainout, and washout. They are transferred to the lithosphere by surface flow and penetration, and are transferred within the biosphere by food-chain concentration.

scholarly journals Correspondence regarding the Perspective article “Addressing the importance of microplastic particles as vectors for long‐range transport of chemical contaminants: perspective in relation to prioritizing research and regulatory actions”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Glüge ◽  
Ashta Narain ◽  
Dorte Herzke ◽  
Laurent Lebreton ◽  
Martin Scheringer
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Environmental Transport ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Regulatory Actions

Important clarifictions regarding the long-range environmental transport of chemical additives contained in floating plastic debris are presented.

Elemental carbon deposition to Svalbard snow from Norwegian settlements and long-range transport

Tellus B ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borgar Aamaas ◽  
Carl Egede Bøggild ◽  
Frode Stordal ◽  
Terje Berntsen ◽  
Kim Holmén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport

Long range transport ofCastanea sativapollen

Grana ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Gérard Peeters ◽  
Heinrich Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Range Transport

scholarly journals Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2999-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Donkelaar ◽  
R. V. Martin ◽  
W. R. Leaitch ◽  
A. M. Macdonald ◽  
T. W. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Long Range ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Transport Experiment ◽  
Sulfur Emissions

Abstract. We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April–May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant, contrary to expectations. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 2 μg/m3. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000–2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800–600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 56% of the measured sulfate between 500–900 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. We find evidence of a 72–85% increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden in spring off the northwest coast of the United States since 1985. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.31 μg/m3 (~30%) and account for 50% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.32 μg/m3 per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, and suggest current East Asian emissions episodically degrade local air quality by more than 1.5 μg/m3.

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